learning

• one assumption is that behaviour results from direct environmental stimuli
• one assumption is that behaviour is learnt from observing and imitating
• classical conditioning is a form of learning where a neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditional stimulus, taking on its properties so that a new stimulus response is formed
• conditioned response the response produced by the conditioned stimulus on its own, new associated formed
• conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that only produces the desired reponse after pairing with the unconditioned stimulus
• neutral stimulus is any stimulus that doesnt produce the desired response
• unconditioned response is an unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus
• unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus that produces a response without learning taking place
• before conditioning, the neutral stimulus has no response and the unconditioned stimulus provides and unconditioned response
• during conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is paired with the neutral stimulus so that a unconditioned response is made
• after conditioning, the conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response
• operant conditioning is when we form a link between a behaviour and its consequences
• reinforcement is when a behaviour is followed by a consequence that increases the likelihood that the behaviour is repeated
• punishment is when the behaviour is followed by a consequence making is less likely for behaviour to be repeated
• positive reinforcement is when something pleasant is added
• negative reinforcement is when something unpleasant is taken away
• positive punishment is when something unpleasant is added
• negative punishment is when something pleasant is taken away
• motivation is the drive to behave in a way that achieves a goal
• extrinsic motivation is when someone is motivated by external rewards or to avoid external punishment
• instrinsic motivation is when you do something because you enjoy it and want to do it
• self-determination theory is when a combination of factors express the extent to which our behaviour is self determind
• social learning theory is when we learn from observation and imitation
• modelling is when we observe others and imitate that behaviour
• social learning is when which behaviours are acquired through observartion, modelling, imitation and vicarious reinforcement
• vicarious reinforcement occurs when a learner observes a models behaviour being reinforced