Temperate broadleaf woodland

• Has no major temperature changes - Ecological importance
• Water is available all year - Ecological importance
• Soil Is deep and fertile - decaying organic matter
• Lack of available food in the winter causes animals to be less active, storage of food, hibernation, migration
• Plant growth under the canopy is difficult due to impacted light levels and temperature
• Plants grow in early spring to avoid growth of the canopy
• They are found 40- 60 degrees north or south of equator
• There is high biodiversity
• Changes in population of species pose minor threat
• They are important for building construction, wood fuel and charcoal
• They are important for recreational activities
• They are important in carbon sequestration: plants absorb Co2 in photosynthesis and release it during respiration
• Woodland clearance poses a threat, habitats have been cleared for monoculture plantations, urban developments. Mineral extraction and transport infrastructure
• Habitat fragmentation may be resultant from woodland clearance it isolates remaining areas and increases vulnerability of extinction if the separated species
• Historical methods of conservation were creating woodlands specifically for commercial use such as wildwood areas which had no interference
• Coppice woodland ( historical conservation) included Hazel for fencing and oak for charcoal etc
• Modern conservation include monoculture plantations of single age trees
• Modern conservation includes community forests planted for commercial use
• Modern conservation includes new woodland areas around field margin
• Conservation may include protection of ancient woodland
• Ancient woodland is a forest that existed prior to 1600, it has well adapted Ecological niches and
• Conservation management may include mixed species woodland to increase biodiversity
• Conservation management may also include creation of woodland clearing to increase habitat diversity
• Conservation may include designates protected areas such as UK national parks, woodland SSSI's
• Leaf little decomposes this increases nutrients content