lesson 7

• Most large biological molecules

  are polymers, long chains made

  up of repeating molecular

  subunits, or building blocks
• Monomers - Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more

  complex structures such as

  polymers.
• Polymerization is the process in which the basic units of monomers

  combine together to form long-chain polymers. Monomers can be

  either the same or different molecules.
• Hydrolysis is a common form of a chemical reaction where

  water is mostly used to break down the chemical bonds

  that exists between a particular substance.
• Proteins- complex molecules that

  play many critical roles in the body.
• Amino acids are the

  monomers that make up

  proteins.
• protein is made up of one

  or more linear chains of

  amino acids, each of

  which is called a

  polypeptide.
• Glucose - It is also called dextrose,

  is the predominant sugar in our blood.
• Glycogen is an extensively

  branched glucose polymer that

  animals use as an energy

  reserve.
• Cellulose is the main substance

  in the walls of plant cells
• Amylose is a starch that is

  more difficult to digest than

  regular starch molecules due

  to its dense spiral form.
• Lipids - These organic compounds are nonpolar molecules, which are soluble only in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule.
• Triglycerides are a type of

  fat, called lipid , that

  circulate in your blood.

  They are the most common

  type of fat in your body.

  Triglycerides come from

  foods, especially butter,

  oils, and other fats you eat.
• Steroid hormones help control

  metabolism, inflammation, immune

  functions, salt and water balance,

  development of sexual characteristics,

  and the ability to withstand injury and

  illness.
• Nucleic acids are naturally

  occurring chemical

  compounds that serve as

  the primary information-

  carrying molecules in cells.
• Nucleic acids - They play an especially important role in directing protein synthesis.
• No macromolecules = no cell = no life
• • Replication Converts code into proteins contains codes needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce