lesson 11

• climate change


  rise in average surface temperatures on earth due to the burning of fossil fuels
• major cause of climate change


  burning of fossil fuel
• major factors that contribute to climate change


  slash and burn ; deforestation
• major effects of climate change


  melting of ice caps / warming ocean waters / drastic changes in weather patterns
• Typhoon Ondoy


  Metro Manila (2009)
• Typhoon Yolanda 


  Visayas (2013)
• people in low-lying areas


  climate refugees
• sustainable energy resources


  important solutions to climate change
• environmental groups


  adoption of government policies that advocate the use of renewable energy sources
• important aspect 


  information / awareness
• conflict (max weber)


  intentionally carries out an action or deed against another party
• 2 major causes of conflict


  greed / grievance
• greed


  economic deprivation / believe that their victory will ensure them economic gains
• economically deprived 


  most prone to become instigators
• war


  product of men's desires
• grievance


  influenced by identity issues
• ethnic conflicts


  issues of identity and ethnicity
• religious conflicts


  brought about by religious differences
• ideological conflicts


  disparities in certain beliefs or views
• Johan Galtung


  resolving conflict thru violent means results in a negative peace
• peacemaking activities


  negotiation of a peace agreement between conflicting parties
• peacekeeping activities


  preservation of peace efforts through the involvement of civilian monitoring teams and military peacekeeping forces
• peacebuilding activities


  rebuilding of economic and social infrastructures
• internal conflicts


  conflicts within countries
• migration


  movement of people from one place to another for the purpose of temporary or permanent residence
• emigration


  out-migration / movement out of native country
• immigration


  movement into a country that is not their native land
• internal migration


  movement within their own country
• there are more than 258 million migrants all over the world (true or false)


  true
• permanent migrants 


  acquired residency or citizenship
• temporary migration


  stay abroad for employment and have a work visa
• irregular migrants


  do not possess legal documents / most vulnerable type of migrants / prone to abuse and other dangers
• refugees


  forced to move because of wars and many more
• manila-acapulco galleon trade


  filipino seafarers were forced to work in spanish ships
• scholars / pensionados


  future bureaucrats that will help build the nation
• ferdinand marcos, 1970s


  state-ponsored overseas employment / a stop-gap measure
• kafala


  migrant's stay is tied to employer or sponsor