Biomolecules

• the main biomolecules are lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and proteins
• living organisms are predominantly made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• water is the most common molecule in our body
• kidneys and muscles are the most watery organs, made up of 79% water
• carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen and lipids
• proteins are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometim sulphur
• carbohydrates can be divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
• monosaccharides are simple sugar
• examples of monosaccharides are glucose and fructose
• disaccharides are two monosaccharides joint together
• examples of disaccharides are maltose and sucrose
• maltose = glucose + glucose
• sucrose = glucose + fructose
• polysaccharides are carbohydrates whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
• examples of polysaccharides are glycogen, cellulose and starch.
• glycogen, starch and cellulose are made of glucose
• cellulose is found in plant cell walls
• starch is the storage unit of surplus glucose made by photosynthesis in plants
• glycogen is the storage unit of glucose in animals
• glycogen is found in the liver and muscle tissues
• proteins are polymers
• monomer of carbohydrates is monosaccharides (usually glucose)
• monomer of proteins are amino acids
• chemical formula of glucose is C6h12o6
• starch is found in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm of plant cells
• cellulose has the function of providing structural support
• the function of glycogen in is energy and nutrient storage
• fats are solid at room temperature while oils are liquid at room temperature
• butter is a fat
• A molecule of a fat or oil is formed by the reaction of a glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules
• there are over 20 naturally occurring amino acids
• Each molecule contains two reactive groups of atoms that allow amino acids to join end to end
• fats tend to be found in animals oils tend to be found in plants
• safety risk of Benedict's test is that Benedict's solution is an irritant so we should wear eye protection