Support and Movement

    Cards (67)

    • The branch of Science which deals with the study of human bone is called Osteology.
    • 300 bones at birth and 206 in adults
    • The major proportion of the bone is formed by Collagen fibers.
    • Collagen is the Fibrous Protein.
    • The terminal region of bone is called Epiphysis, Middle region is called Diphysis and in between middle and terminal region is the Metaphysis at both ends.
    • The epiphysis is Cancellous or Spongy part of the bone.
    • Epiphysis has small weight bearing cross linked regions called Trabeculae.
    • Epiphysis is filled with Red bone marrow.
    • The external part of Diphysis is called Cortical Bone.
    • Cortical Bone forms 80% of the skeletal structure.
    • Diphysis consist of many small cylinders known as Osteons.
    • Each osteon is made up of many Lamellae.
    • Lamellae are the concentric layers made of an Organic Part Collagen and the inorganic part called Hydroxyapatite.
    • Hydroxyapatite is mostly Calcium phosphate.
    • In the center of every Osteon is a Harversian Canal.
    • Harversian Canal contains the blood supply and innervation of the bone cells.
    • In the centre of the bone is the Medullary Canal, a hollow space lined by a honeycomb like structure.
    • The overall outer covering of bone is called Periosteum.
    • The inner layer of bone is Endosteum.
    • Endosteum have Progenitor Stem cells.
    • Progenitor stem cells develops into Osteoblast.
    • Osteoblast secrets the Bone Matrix and the Chondroblast secrets Cartilage.
    • Osteoblast is isolated by the surrounded matrix in the spaces called lacunae.
    • Osteocytes are the mature cells that form bones.
    • Osteocytes phagocytize the bony matrix.
    • The outer layer of of cartilage is called Perichondrium.
    • Cartilage get Nutrition by Diffusion.
    • Between the ribs and sternum Hyaline Cartliage is present.
    • Fibrocartliage is the hardest among all, present at intervertebral disc, Knee joint and Pectoral girdle.
    • Elastic cartlage is the most flexible&strong located in the pinna of the ear, external and internal auditory tubes, epiglottis and larynx.
    • Axial skeleton— 80 bones.
    • Cranial bones—8.
    • FOES— Single bones.
    • Temporal and Parietal— In pairs.
    • Auditory Ossicles ( Malleus, Incus) are the smallest bone present in the body.
    • Non-articulated— Hyoid bone("U" shaped)—lies b/w skull and Postcranial skeleton.
    • 34. 7-Cervical > 7Cer > Neck 12-Thoracic > 12Tho > Chest 5-Lumber > 5Lum > Abdominal region 1-Sacrum > 1Sac > form by 5 vertebrae 1-Coccyx > 1Coc > form by 4 vertebrae
    • The first seven pairs of bones in the rib cage are called True Ribs 1-7.
    • The remaining five pairs of bones in the rib cage are called False Ribs 8-12.
    • The last two pairs of bones in the rib cage are called Floating ribs 11-12.
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