digestive enzymes

• What are the three main biological molecules?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
• Why do we need to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  To absorb smaller soluble molecules into the bloodstream
• What role do enzymes play in the breakdown of biological molecules?

  They speed up the rate of chemical reactions
• What is starch made of?

  Polymer of glucose
• Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

  Amylase
• What are maltose molecules composed of?

  Two glucose molecules stuck together
• Which enzyme converts maltose into glucose?

  Maltase
• What type of food contains proteins?

  Meat and nuts
• What do protease enzymes break proteins down into?

  Amino acids
• What is the term for the group of enzymes that break down proteins?

  Proteases
• What are the specific enzymes mentioned that are part of the protease group?

  Trypsin and pepsin
• What do lipids refer to?

  Fats and oils
• Which enzyme breaks down lipids?

  Lipase
• What smaller molecules are lipids broken down into?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids into smaller droplets
• Why is emulsification of lipids important?

  It increases the surface area for lipase action
• Where are amylase, protease, and lipase enzymes produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• Which additional gland produces amylase?

  Salivary glands
• Which additional organ produces proteases?

  Stomach
• What are the steps involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

  • Carbohydrates:
  • Starch → Maltose (Amylase)
  • Maltose → Glucose (Maltase)
  • Proteins:
  • Proteins → Amino acids (Proteases)
  • Lipids:
  • Lipids → Glycerol and fatty acids (Lipase)
  • Bile emulsifies lipids
• What is the significance of enzymes in digestion?

  • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
  • Specific enzymes for each molecule type
  • Essential for nutrient absorption