Paper 2 Topics

• Skill


  A learned action/ behaviour with the intention of bringing about predetermined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy.
• Abilities


  inherited from your parents, abilities are stable traits that determine an individuals potential to learn or acquire skills
• open skill


  A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment, eg to outwit an opponent.
• closed skill


  A skill which is not affected by the environment or performers within it. The skill tends to be done the same way each time.
• Self paced skill


  The skill is started when the performer decides to start it. The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by the performer.
• Externally paced skill


  The skill that is started because of an external factor. The speed, rate or pace of the skill is controlled by external factors, eg an opponent.
• Gross skill


  involves big body movementslarge muscle groupsnot very accurate and precise
• Fine skill


  Involves small precise movements and the use of small muscle groups . Movements tend to involve precision and accuracy
• performance goals


  Personal standards to be achieved. Performers compare themselves against what they have already done or suggest what they are going to do. There is no comparison with other performers.
• outcome goals


  Focus on end result/winning.
• SMART goals

  Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
• information processing model


  model of memory that assumes the processing of information for memory storage is similar to the way a computer processes memory in a series of three stages
• Visual guidance


  Guidance that you can see
• Verbal guidance


  Guidance that is provided by another person speaking to you.
• Manual guidance


  Physically moving the performer, for example the coach supporting the movement through physical touch.
• Mechanical guidance


  Using mechanical aids to assist a performer, for example using a float in swimming or a harness in trampolining.
• knowledge of results

  Feedback about the outcome
• Intrinsic feedback


  Feedback received from within, for example kinaesthetic feel
• Extrinsic feedback

  Feedback from an external source
• Types of feedback can be remembered through REPPIN


  R- results E-extrinsic P- positive P- performanceI- intrinsic N- Negative
• arousal


  Arousal is a physical or mental state of alertness/excitement varying from deep sleep to intense excitement. As arousal increases, performers must use specific strategies to control the level of arousal as if arousal is not at correct level, performance may suffer.
• Inverted U theory


  arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal level, beyond which further increases in arousal are associated with reduced performance

  
• Controlling arousal levels

  Deep breathingMental rehearsal positive self talk
• direct aggression


  Direct aggression is when there is actual contact between performers. For example a high rugby tackle with force
• indirect aggression


  Indirect aggression does not involve physical contact. The aggressive act is taken out on an object to gain an advantage over an opponent.f For example smashing a badminton shuttle very hard to win a point but also harming the confidence of the opponent
• extrovert


  Personality type characterised by being sociable, active, talkative and out-going- usually associated with team sports.
• Introvert


  Personality type characterised by being quiet, shy, passive and reserved- usually associated with individual sports
• intrinsic motivation


  The drive to succeed of the desire to achieve something
• extrinsic motivation


  The drive experienced by a performer when striving to achieve a reward.
• extrinsic rewards

  Tangible- such as certificates, trophies, medals etc.intangible- such as praise or feedback from others, applause from the crowd.
• What is a socio-economic group?

  A groups place within society which depends on a number of factors including occupation, education, income and wealth
• What is a lower social economic group?

  Some ethnicity cannot afford specific affluent sports such as golf or tennis, due to a lack of income or time
• What is discrimination?


  the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex which stop them from playing sport
• How does disability affect performance?


  Difficult to find motivation Hard to perform activities Little role models or support for activities
• How does gender effect performance

  Deemed weaker and less able so may have a mental barrier Less media coverage Less money and support
• How does ethnicity effect performance?

  Stereotyping for different sports Lower economic backgrounds Racism
• What are the three main types of disability?

  Physical, mental and sensory
• What are the benefits of integration?


  Less discriminationLess stereotyping Fewer barriers
• Give two adapted sports used for disabled people?


  BocciaGoalball
• What is inclusiveness?


  Providing everyone with equal opportunities within sport