Organic Chemistry

• A hydrocarbon is a compound made up of hydrogen and carbon only and nothing else.
• Crude oil is a mixture of different lengths of hydrocarbons.
• Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single bonds only and the general formula CnH2n.
• The formula for alkanes follows the general formula CnH2n+2.
• Methane has one carbon and four hydrogens.
• Ethane has two carbons and six hydrogens.
• Propane has three carbons and eight hydrogens.
• Butanes have four carbons and ten hydrogens.
• To separate out the mixture of crude oil, fractional distillation is used.
• Crude oil goes in, gets heated up until it is a gas, and leaves into a condensing column.
• Long hydrocarbons which don't evaporate come over as a residue in fractional distillation.
• DNA is a double-helix structure with bases of T, C, and G that always bond with each other in a specific format.
• Propanoic acid and Butanoic acid are examples of carboxylic acids.
• A monomer is one bit and a polymer is lots of bits.
• If reacted with alcohols, ethanoic acid will make an ester.
• Methanoic acid is a one-carbon acid that makes four bonds bonded to oxygen and an alcohol group, also known as oak acid.
• To draw a polymer, the double bond in a monomer needs to be broken and a single bond needs to be drawn between the two carbons.
• Ethanoic acid, also known as vinegar, is an acid and if reacted with a carbonate, it will result in a standard acid carbonate reaction.
• In condensation polymerization, monomers are added together and a water molecule is lost.
• Sections of DNA can be read and turned into an amino acid, which are the building blocks of humans.
• The bases in DNA can be read and turned into an amino acid, which are the building blocks of humans.
• Things at the top of the condensing tower are going to be really flammable, things at the bottom aren't going to be really flammable, and things in the middle are going to be really viscous.
• Long hydrocarbons that come out of fractional distillation are most useful as they contain large amounts of long ones which aren't very useful but we don't get very many short ones which we need because they are useful.
• Long hydrocarbons can be cracked using heat and a catalyst to give us short alkanes and alkenes.
• Alkenes have two E's in their name, indicating they have double bonds.
• Hydrogen is making one bonds on our carbons making 1 2 3 4 bonds.
• Hydrogenation or hardening involves reacting alkenes with Hodgdon at 60 degrees and with nickel catalyst, resulting in the conversion of double bonds to single bonds.
• Alcohols have an OH functional group and they end in O, with one carbon being methanol, two carbons being ethanol, three carbons being propanol, and four carbons being butanol.
• Alcohols are useful as a drinking fluid or as a solvent when they are wrapped with sodium, they will ferment, and when they are actually oxygenated, they will burn.
• In the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, there is a lot of oxygen involved, resulting in water and carbon dioxide.
• The second carbon is making one two three four bonds.
• s makes one bond and carbon always makes four bonds.
• Reacting alkenes with halogen results in the formation of alkanes.
• Carboxylic acids have this as a functional group, with one carbon being methanoic acid, two carbons being ethanoic acid, three carbons being propanoic acid, and four carbons being butanoic acid.
• A bond is a pair of electrons that are covalently shared, so bond can be used by more than one carbon or hydrogen.
• Hydration involves reacting alkenes with water, resulting in the formation of alcohols.
• Incomplete combustion is when there is not enough oxygen, resulting in water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
• Alkanes are saturated and have a double bond, while alkenes are unsaturated and do not have a double bond.
• The general formula of alkanes is CnH2n, and all of them end in 'n'.