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N5 Biology
Life On Earth
Photosynthesis
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Diffusion
is essential to photosynthesis for the movement of molecules of:
-CO2
from outside the leaf inside the
green
leaf cells
-O2
from inside the
green
leaf cells to outside the leaf
What do plant cells need
glucose
for?
-Respiration which provides chemical
energy for cellular processes
including
:
-Cell division
Protein Synthesis
Excess can be converted
into
:
-STARCH which
is a
storage
carbohydrate (
can
be broken down to
glucose again
when the cell needs a
source
of
energy
)
.
-CELLULOSE which
is a
structural carbohydrate
(
used
to build
plant cell walls
)
.
2 stages – take place in
chloroplast
Light reactions
-splitting
of
water
Carbon fixation
-CO2 combined
with
H
to make
glucose
Light Reactions
-Solar
(
light
)
energy
is
trapped
by
chlorophyll
and
converted
to
chemical
energy.
-This energy
is used to
split molecules
of
water
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen.
-Chlorophyll
also provides enough energy for the
regeneration
of
ATP
from
ADP
and
Pi
which is used in Stage
2
(Carbon Fixation).
Light Reactions (cont'd.)
-The
oxygen
is
released as
a
by-product
and
leaves
the
cell
by
diffusion.
-The
hydrogen combines
with a
hydrogen acceptor.
When
loaded
with
hydrogen
, the
acceptor
is said to be
reduced.
The
Hydrogen
is also
needed in Stage
2
(Carbon Fixation).
Carbon Fixation
-Also
occurs in
chloroplasts.
-A series of
enzyme controlled reactions
which form a
cycle.
-Allows the
carbon
in
CO2
to become
‘fixed’
into
carbohydrate
by
combining
with the
hydrogen
produced during the
light reactions.
-Carbon
fixation
results in the formation of
glucose
(
sugar
)
.
-Energy
is
supplied
by the
ATP
from stage
1.
Limiting Factors of
Photosynthesis
Temperature
Light intensity
CO2 Concentration
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