URINARY

• This is the study of kidneys

  nephrology
• this transports urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

  ureters
• this stores urine and expels it to urethra

  urinary bladder
• this secretes urine out of the body

  urethra
• major organ in urinary system, a paired bean shaped organs

  kidneys
• this filter the blood & nephron tubules

  glomerulus
• entrance of blood to the kidneys

  renal artery
• This is the outer and lighter part of the kidney

  renal cortex
• this is the inner and darker portion of the kidney

  renal medulla
• major hormones secreted by kidneys

  calcitriol, erythropoietin
• these are functional units of the kidney

  nephrons
• major parts of nephrons

  renal corpuscle, renal tubule
• types of nephrons

  cortical, juxtamedullary
• type of nephron which its glomerulus is in the outer part of the cortex and has a short nephron loop

  cortical nephron
• type of nephron deep in the cortex and has a long nephron loop

  juxtamedullary nephron
• this is where blood plasma is filtered

  renal corpuscle
• this consists of glomerulus and glomerular capsule

  renal corpuscle
• this is where glomerular filtrate passes

  renal tubule
• it consists of loop of henle and proximal/distal convulated tubules

  renal tubules
• this is where blood plasma is filtered

  glomerular capsule
• First step of urine production, water and most solutes in blood plasma move across the wall of glomerular capillaries, where they are filtered

  glomerular filtration
• The pressure that drive glomerular filtration.

  net filtration rate
• The amount of filtrate formed in the renal corpuscle of both kidneys each minute

  glomerular filtration rate
• Glomerular filtrate amounts to up to

  180 liters
• Selective process that reclaims materials from tubular fluid and returns them to the bloodstream

  tubular reabsorption
• Largest amount of solute and water reabsorption from filtered fluid occurs here

  proximal convoluted tubules
• Reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions; permit only small water reabsorption thus fluid is diluted.

  distal convoluted tubules
• Substances not needed by the body are removed from the blood and discharged into the urine via?

  tubular secretion
• the urinary bladder can store how much ml of urine?

  500 ml
• an act of urinating

  micturition
• what is the net filtration rate?

  10 mmhg
• what is the blood colloid osmotic pressure

  30 mmhg
• what is the capsular hydrostatic pressure

  15 mmhg
• what is the glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

  55 mmhg
• this provides feedback to the glomerulus

  macula densa
• this triggers contraction of the smooth muscles in afferent holes

  myogenic mechanism
• this is the fluid that enters the capsular space

  glomerular filtrate
• fraction of plasma in the afferent holes

  filtration fraction
• precipitate of crystal salts in the urine

  renal calculi