After WWI

• What were the MAIN causes of the war?

  The main causes of the war were militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism.

  
• What is militarism?

  Militarism is the building up of arms (weapons). Countries kept trying to one-up each other in military strength and had parades meant to instill fear.

  
• Provide an example of militarism.

  The dreadnought scare is one example of militarism. Both Germany and Britain attempted to make as many as possible and by 1914, the start of the war, Germany had 7 dreadnoughts (17 warships) and the Royal Navy had 29.

  
• What are alliances?


  Alliances are relationships between nations to ensure safety.
• Provide an example of an alliance.

  The triple entente (the allies): France, Britian, Russia The triple alliance (the central powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Note; Italy switches sides at the start of the war.

  
• What is imperialism?

  Also known as empire building, imperialism is the act of trying to obtain more land than competing countries. Imperialism resulted in competition and fighting.

  
• Provide an example of imperialism.


  One example of imperialism is the Ottoman Empire. Their vast empire was a large source of pride and guaranteed them resources and power.

  
• What is nationalism?


  Nationalism is the extreme love of one's country and dislike of other countries. It is the act of one country thinking they were best.

  
• Provide an example of nationalism.


  One example of nationalism is America's current state. Many, but not all, Americans are xenophobic and believe the Americans are superior to people of other nations, especially those in Southern regions of the states.

  
• What was the spark that caused WWI?

  On June 28th, 1914 the Archduke of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia were assassinated by a Serbian terrorist group called the "Black Hand".

  
• Why was Franz Ferdinard assasianted?


  The black hand wanted to create independence for a serbian populated area of Austria-Hungary and believed that killing the 2 next heirs to Austria-Hungary's throne would do this.

  
• Who fired the two shots at the Archduke and his wife?

  Gavrollo Princip, a 19 year old dying with tuberculosis fired the shots.

  
• Who was Robert Borden?


  A Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920

  
• What was Robert Borden's response to the war?

  When Britain declared war on Germany, the Canadian prime minister also declared war.
• How did Canadians react to the war?

  Canadian's support of the war was overwhelming! By September 1914, 30 thousand Canadians had signed up
• Who was Sam Hughes?


  Sam Hughes served as Canada's minister of Militia and Defence from 1911-1916. He established a reputation for himself as something of a religious bigot (against Catholics). For this reason, he was un-popular with many French Canadians.
• What were Sir Hughes successes?

  -Boosted Canada's pre-war regular force of 3,000-Oversaw the construction of a training facility, Camp Valcartier which was established in under 3 weeks-Got the first Canadian forces ready to sail for Europe within a matter of weeks
• What were Sir Hughes failures?

  -Soldier's boots leaked -Vehicles lacked spare parts -Military belts were irregular (too big) -Trench equipment unusable His BIGGEST failure was his insistence on Canadian troop's use of the Ross Rifle
• What was the Ross Rifle?


  A rifle that tended to jam during rapid fire which was discovered to be made by a friend of Sir Hughes.

  
• What were the changes in technology and modern warfare during WWI?

  -Factories could produce more metal (unlimited bullets and bombs) -Weapons deadlier and more powerful
• List the advantages of a bayonet.

  -Good in close quarter combat, last ditch weapon -Still keep distance

  
• What is a disadvantage of a bayonet?


  -Must get close
• What are 3 advantages of a machine gun?

  1.) Most important weapon in trench warfare 2.) Fast, easy to reload, fired at long range3.) Fired hundred of rounds without stopping

  
• What is one disadvantage of a machine gun?

  -Heavy. Hard to move so placed on stands and defended (pill box)
• What are some advantages of artillery?


  -Caused a lot of destruction-Fast, good to launch into enemy trenches -Little risk to self-Fuse exploded on contact with barbed wire, which helped clear paths through no man's land

  
• Were there any disadvantages to artillery?

  No, there were not much disadvantages to artillery.
• List an advantage of a repeating rifle.

  -Shot long distances and was accurate

  
• What were the major disadvantages of the repeating rifle?

  -Not easy to reload in muddy trenches -Rifle jams
• List one advantage of a grenade.

  -Can eliminate/wound multiple soldiers

  
• What was the disadvantage of a grenade?


  -Must be in throwing distance.
• What was the advantage of a flamethrower?


  -Devastating damage and fearsome

  
• What were the disadvantages of a flamethrower?

  -Heavy -Target -Only projected a few meters
• What were the advantages of tanks?

  -Replaces calvary -Protection; heavy fire power-First used by British at the battle of the Somme, scared German away

  
• What were the disadvantages of tanks?

  -They were you useless at the start of the war - stuck in mud -They would become much better towards the end
• What were the advantages of trench mortars?


  -Fires projectile at a steep angle (higher than 45 degrees) so fall straight down on the enemy-Easy to move and set up

  
• What was the disadvantage of using a trench mortar?

  -Soldiers can be vulnerable using it
• What were some advantages of poison gas and chemical weapons?

  -Deadly; burns eyes, skin, and lungs -Germans first to use chlorine gas at Battle of Ypres

  
• What were the disadvantages of using poison gas and chemical weapons?

  -Wind direction; can easily blow back at you -Heavy gas; must be up-hill
• Define trench warfare.


  Trenches are static lines of fortifications, dug directly into the ground.

  
• What was the trench system made up of?

  1.) Front line trenches -Firing lines (machine guns at key points) 2.) Support line -Command and supply posts 3.) Communication trenches 4.) Tunnels called "saps", dug into no man's land -Soldiers called "sappers" crawled through them and spied on the enemy. Sappers also shot at close range.