Cellular level

• What is the name for the small projections on the cell surface that increase surface area?

  Microvilli
• Which organelle is responsible for containing the cell's genetic material?

  Nucleus
• What are the hollow rods that provide structural support and movement within the cell?

  Microtubules
• What is the site of ribosome production within the nucleus called?

  Nucleolus
• What are the flattened sacs of the Golgi complex called?

  Cisternae
• What is the double membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

  Nuclear membrane
• What do cells make up in multicellular organisms?

  Cells make up tissues.
• Which organelle is responsible for protein and lipid synthesis?

  Endoplasmic Reticulum
• What do organs form in an organism?

  Organs form systems.
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  • Encloses the cell
  • Selectively permeable barrier
  • Regulates what enters and exits the cell
• What is the cellular level of organization?

  It is where eukaryotic cells function.
• Which structure encloses the cell and separates its contents from the outside environment?

  Plasma membrane
• What is the name of the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material?

  Nucleus
• What is the ultimate result of the cellular level of organization?

  It creates the whole organism.
• How do the functions of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum differ in an animal cell?

  Golgi Apparatus:

  • Packages and distributes proteins and other cellular products
  • Modifies proteins

  
  

  Endoplasmic Reticulum:

  • Site of protein synthesis and modification
  • Transports proteins to Golgi apparatus
• Which organelle is involved in organizing the microtubule network in cells?

  Centrioles
• What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

  It controls cell activities
• Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria
• What is the function of a vacuole?

  Storage
• Which organelle contains enzymes for intracellular digestion?

  Lysosomes
• What are the differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Rough ER: Has ribosomes, protein synthesis and modification
  • Smooth ER: No ribosomes, lipid synthesis and detoxification
• What is the function of the Golgi Complex?

  • Modifies and packages proteins and lipids
  • Transports proteins and lipids
  • Forms lysosomes
• Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

  Ribosome
• What are eukaryotic cells?

  They are life's basic structural units.
• What are the key differences between the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

  Mitochondria:

  • Double membrane structure
  • Site of cellular respiration and ATP production

  
  

  Chloroplasts:

  • Single membrane structure
  • Site of photosynthesis in plant cells
  • Contain chlorophyll
• How do the functions of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum differ in an animal cell?

  Golgi Apparatus:

  • Packages and distributes proteins and other cellular products
  • Modifies proteins

  
  

  Endoplasmic Reticulum:

  • Site of protein synthesis and modification
  • Transports proteins to Golgi apparatus
• What are the main components of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Membrane-bound sacs and tubes
  • Ribosomes attached to the outer surface
  • Site of protein synthesis and modification
• What are the main components of a eukaryotic cell?

  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Lysosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Vacuoles
  • Microtubules
  • Centrioles
• How do organelles function in eukaryotic cells?

  • Organelles work together like organs in a body.
  • Each organelle has a specific function.
  • They contribute to the overall functioning of the cell.
• What is the semi-fluid substance within the cell membrane called?

  Cytoplasm
• What type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it?

  Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• What do tissues build in an organism?

  Tissues build organs.
• What are organelles in eukaryotic cells?

  Specialized compartments that perform functions.
• How do the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum differ?

  Smooth ER:

  • Lipid synthesis
  • Calcium ion storage and release

  
  

  Rough ER:

  • Protein synthesis and modification
  • Transport of proteins to Golgi apparatus
• What is the name of the organelle that contains enzymes to break down hydrogen peroxide?

  Peroxisome
• What are the main components of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Membrane-bound sacs and tubes
  • Ribosomes attached to the outer surface
  • Site of protein synthesis and modification
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in an animal cell?

  It packages and distributes proteins and other cellular products
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in an animal cell?

  It packages and distributes proteins and other cellular products
• What is the primary energy source produced by cellular respiration?

  ATP
• What are the stages involved in both mitosis and meiosis?

  • Stages of cell division:
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase