⚡️4. Glycolytic Pathway

• How many calories are released from complete oxidation of 1 gram-mole of glucose?

  686,000 calories
• Why is it inefficient to decompose glucose all at once?

  Energy would be wasted forming only one ATP
• How many moles of ATP are formed from one mole of glucose?

  38 moles of ATP
• What is glycolysis and its main product?

  • Glycolysis is the splitting of glucose
  • Main product: two molecules of pyruvic acid
• How many chemical reactions occur during glycolysis?

  10 successive chemical reactions
• What is the first step in glycolysis?

  Conversion of glucose into fructose-1,6-diphosphate
• What happens to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate during glycolysis?

  It is converted into pyruvic acid through five steps
• How many moles of ATP are formed from fructose-1,6-diphosphate during glycolysis?

  4 moles of ATP
• What is the net gain of ATP molecules from glycolysis?

  2 moles of ATP
• How much energy is transferred to ATP during glycolysis?

  24,000 calories
• What percentage of energy is lost as heat during glycolysis?

  57 percent
• What occurs during the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA?

  • Two pyruvic acid molecules convert to acetyl-CoA
  • Two carbon dioxide and four hydrogen atoms are released
  • No ATP is formed during this conversion
• What vitamin is coenzyme A derived from?

  Pantothenic acid
• How many ATP molecules can be formed from the oxidation of the released hydrogen atoms?

  Up to six molecules of ATP