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๐C66. Digestion and Absorption in the GI tract
๐1. Digestion of the Various Foods by Hydrolysis
1.4 Digestion of Fats
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Cards (34)
What are the most abundant fats in the diet?
Neutral fats
, also known as
triglycerides
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What is the composition of a triglyceride molecule?
A
glycerol
nucleus and three
fatty acids
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What type of food contains major amounts of neutral fat?
Food of
animal origin
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What are phospholipids and cholesterol considered in the diet?
They can be considered
fats
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What is cholesterol classified as?
A
sterol
compound
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How is cholesterol metabolized in relation to fats?
It is metabolized
similarly
to fats
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Where does the digestion of fats mainly occur?
In the
small intestine
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What enzyme begins the digestion of triglycerides in the stomach?
Lingual lipase
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What is the significance of the amount of triglycerides digested in the stomach?
It is less than 10
percent
and
unimpressive
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What is the first step in fat digestion?
Emulsification
by
bile acids
and
lecithin
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What is emulsification in fat digestion?
Breaking
fat globules
into smaller sizes
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Where does most emulsification occur?
In the
duodenum
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What does bile contain that is important for emulsification?
Bile salts
and
phospholipid lecithin
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How do bile salts and lecithin aid in emulsification?
They decrease
interfacial tension
of fat
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What happens to the interfacial tension of fat globules during emulsification?
It
decreases
, making them easier to
break
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What is the average diameter of fat particles after emulsification?
Less than
1
micrometer
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How much does emulsification increase the total surface area of fats?
By as much as
1000-fold
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What is the role of lipase enzymes in fat digestion?
They attack
fat globules
on their surfaces
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What is the most important enzyme for triglyceride digestion?
Pancreatic lipase
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How quickly can pancreatic lipase digest triglycerides?
Within 1
minute
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What are the end products of triglyceride digestion?
Free fatty acids
and
2-monoglycerides
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What role do bile salts play in fat digestion?
They remove
end products
to prevent blockage
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What do bile salts form to aid in fat digestion?
Micelles
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What is the size range of micelles formed by bile salts?
3 to 6
nanometers
in diameter
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How do bile salts contribute to the absorption of fat digestates?
They transport them to
intestinal epithelial cells
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What happens to bile salts after they ferry fat digestates?
They are released back into the
chyme
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What form is most dietary cholesterol found in?
Cholesterol
esters
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What enzymes hydrolyze cholesterol esters and phospholipids?
Cholesterol ester hydrolase
and
phospholipase A2
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How do bile salt micelles assist in cholesterol absorption?
They ferry free cholesterol to
intestinal cells
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What are the steps involved in the digestion of fats?
Emulsification
by
bile acids
and lecithin
Digestion by
pancreatic lipase
Formation of
micelles
for absorption
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What are the roles of bile salts in fat digestion?
Emulsification
of fat globules
Formation of
micelles
for transport
Removal of
end products
to prevent blockage
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What are the types of fats present in the diet?
Neutral fats (
triglycerides
)
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
and cholesterol esters
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What are the end products of triglyceride digestion?
Free fatty acids
2-monoglycerides
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What enzymes are involved in the digestion of cholesterol esters and phospholipids?
Cholesterol ester hydrolase
Phospholipase A2
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