Deindustrialisation

• What is deindustrialisation?

  The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector, which occurred in the UK the second half of the 20th century
• what happened during the industrial revolution?


  • Had been a key development in the growth of many urban areas
  • Cities became synonymous with particular types of industry
  • thousands of jobs created and many people migrated from rural to urban areas
• give an example of a city and its industry during the industrial revolution?

  manchester ---> textiles
• what happened by the 1980s?

  manufacturing was in significant decline in the UK

  This lead to SEVERE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS in old industrial cities
• Why did deindustrialisation happen?


  • Mechanisation using machines rather than people
  • Competition with industrialising countries abroad such as india and china
  • Reduction in demand for traditional products
• where were most job losses in deindustrialisation?

  in urban areas

  some cities fared worse than others, depending on size, the urban economy and the actions of local government
• what were impacts of deindustrialisation?

  decentralisation

  cities in manufacturing heartlands suffered more than those with diverse economies
• what happened after deindustrialisation?

  the rise of the service economy
• what activities does the service economy cover?

  tertiary and quaternary activities
• give 3 examples of tertiary activities?


  retailing

  health

  transport
• give 3 examples of quaternary activites?

  advertising

  research and development

  software design
• what are the main output in the quaternary activities?

  knowledge and ideas
• give 3 reasons for growth of the service economy?

  • Population growth
  • Growth in technology
  • A need to reinvent the industry base of the country
• what is a con of the growth of the service economy?

  the growth of the service sector reduced only some of the impact of deindustrialisation. A number of problems still exist
• give 3 problems that still exist because of deindustrialisation?

  • Less service jobs to replace manufacturing jobs
  • service jobs are often part-time and temporary
  • long term unemployment particularly with men who lost their jobs
• give 2 economic impacts of deindustrialisation?

  • Decline in property prices and out-migration occurs
  • increase in demand for state benefits
• give 2 social effects from deindustrialisation?


  • higher levels of deprivation
  • higher levels of crime
  • loss of morale in local population
• give 2 environmental impacts of deindustrialisation?

  • long-term pollution of land from 'dirty' industries such as dye works remains a problem because there is no money for land remediation
  • positive environmental impacts have been a reduction in noise, land and water pollution and reduced traffic congestion