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• What disease is caused by dirty faces and flies?

  Trachoma
• How can trachoma be fought according to the material?

  By washing your face
• What is the focus of the Sudan Trachoma Control Program?

  • Control and prevent trachoma
  • Promote hygiene practices
  • Raise awareness about the disease
• What is the site of infection for trachoma?

  Eye
• What is the relationship between dirty faces, flies, and trachoma?

  Dirty faces and flies contribute to trachoma infection
• What is the primary prevention method for trachoma mentioned?

  Washing your face regularly
• What are the two genera of Chlamydiaceae?

  Chlamydia and Chlamydophila

  
• What type of organisms are Chlamydiaceae?

  Obligate intracellular micro-organisms
• What membranes do Chlamydiaceae possess?

  Inner and outer membranes like gram-negative bacteria
• What genetic material do Chlamydiaceae contain?

  Both DNA and RNA

  
• What are Chlamydiaceae susceptible to?

  Antibacterial antimicrobial agents
• What are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)?

  Diseases affecting people with inadequate access to clean water

  
• What is the SDG Target 3.3 goal?

  To end neglected tropical diseases by 2030
• What are the 15 NTDs identified by the WHO NTD Roadmap?

  • Buruli ulcer
  • Chagas disease
  • Dengue and Chikungunya
  • Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
  • Echinococcosis
  • Foodborne trematodiases
  • Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
  • Lymphatic filariasis
  • Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses
  • Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
  • Rabies
  • Scabies
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Soil-transmitted helminthiases
  • Snakebite envenoming
  • Taeniasis/Cysticercosis
  • Trachoma
  • Yaws
• What are the two forms of Chlamydiaceae?

  Elementary bodies and reticulate bodies

  
• What are elementary bodies (EBs)?

  Metabolically inactive infectious forms
• What are reticulate bodies (RBs)?

  Metabolically active noninfectious forms
• What is the replicative cycle of Chlamydiaceae?

  1. EB attaches to host cell surface
  2. Endocytosis of EB occurs
  3. EB reorganizes into RB in endosome
  4. RB replicates by binary fission
  5. Inclusion granule has both RBs and EBs
• What are the three important species of Chlamydiaceae?

  Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci

  
• How is Chlamydophila pneumoniae spread?

  Via respiratory secretions
• What diseases does Chlamydophila pneumoniae cause?

  Bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis
• What is the diagnosis method for Chlamydophila pneumoniae?

  Serology, PCR, cell cultures

  
• What antibiotics are used to treat Chlamydophila pneumoniae infections?

  Macrolides, tetracyclines, or levofloxacin
• How does Chlamydophila psittaci infect humans?

  Inhalation of organism in dried infected bird droppings

  
• What is the incubation period for Chlamydophila psittaci infection?

  About 10 days

  
• What symptoms can Chlamydophila psittaci cause?

  Influenza-like syndrome to severe illness

  
• What is the diagnosis method for Chlamydophila psittaci?

  Serology (ELISA)
• What is the treatment for Chlamydophila psittaci infection?

  Tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin
• What are the serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis?

  A, B, C, D-K, L1, L2, L3
• What is the clinical manifestation of trachoma?

  Chronic inflammatory granulomatous process of the eye

  
• How is trachoma spread?

  Transfer of infected discharge from eye

  
• What enhances the spread of trachoma?

  Poverty, overcrowding, poor hygiene

  
• What are the stages of Trachoma Disease according to WHO classification?

  1. Stage 1: Trachoma infection - small bumps under eyelid
  2. Stage 2: Follicles, inflammation
  3. Stage 3: Trachoma with scarring - scar tissue forms
  4. Stage 4: Trachoma with trichiasis - eyelids turn in towards cornea

  
• What is adult inclusion conjunctivitis?

  Acute process with mucopurulent discharge

  
• What is neonatal conjunctivitis?

  Acute process with mucopurulent discharge in infants

  
• What is the cause of neonatal conjunctivitis?

  Acquired from the mother during birth

  
• What is the complication of neonatal conjunctivitis?

  Chlamydial pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth
• What percentage of non-specific urethritis cases in men is caused by C. trachomatis?

  About 30%
• What can chronic chlamydial epididymitis lead to?

  Infertility due to azoospermia
• What symptoms do symptomatic women experience with C. trachomatis infection?

  Mucopurulent cervicitis and urethritis