Origins Of Psychology

• What is the method through which science gains knowledge?

  Systematic and objective investigation
• Why does scientific research need to be systematic?

  To ensure validity and replicability
• What does objectivity refer to in scientific investigation?

  Absence of bias
• According to empiricism, where must knowledge come from?

  Observation and testing
• Who is considered the "father of experimental psychology?"

  Wilhelm Wundt
• When and where did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychology lab?

  1870s in Germany
• What was Wilhelm Wundt's aim in studying the mind scientifically?

  Using empirical methods
• What was the name given to Wundt's work that attempted to break down mental processes?

  Structuralism
• What is the method of introspection?

  Describing conscious experiences to stimuli
• What is the aim of introspection?

  To break thoughts into basic elements
• What did controlled conditions ensure in Wundt's introspection experiments?

  Reliability
• What were the findings of introspection based on?

  Inferences
• What were the strengths of Wundt's psychological approach?

  • Highly scientific for its time: controlled experiments, large samples, and systematic methods.
  • Influenced cognitive psychology, which also uses inferences to study mental processes.
• What were the weaknesses of Wundt's psychological approach?

  • Subjective: Introspection relies on self-reports, which can be biased or inaccurate.
  • Inferences may be flawed; behaviorists rejected studying internal processes, treating the mind as a "black box."
• In systematic research, what type of method is followed?

  A controlled method
• What does objectivity ensure regarding research findings?

  Findings should not be influenced by opinions
• According to empiricism, what should knowledge be based on?

  Observation and testing