Mitosis

• The period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions is known as the cell cycle.
• Chromosomes, Chromatins and Chromatids are different from each other in terms of their structure and function.
• Gene is the basic unit of heredity that codes for a specific trait.
• Locus is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome.
• Genome is the total hereditary endowment of DNA of a cell or organism.
• Somatic Cell is all body cell except reproductive cells.
• Gamete is a reproductive cell.
• Diploid is a cellular condition where each chromosomes type is represented by two homologous chromosomes.
• Haploid is a cellular condition where each chromosome type is represented by one chromosomes.
• Homologous Chromosomes are chromosomes of the same size and shape which carry the same type of genes.
• Chromatid is one of two duplicated chromosomes connected at the centromere.
• Centromere is the region of chromosome where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis.
• Chromatins are semi-condensed DNA and Histones (octamere).
• Chromosomes are a more condensed form of chromatins.
• Chromatids are replicated chromosomes.
• Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein (histones) all tightly wrapped up in one package.
• Duplicated chromosomes are connected by a centromere.
• Interphase is a period of growth and preparation and is the longest stage in cell cycle.
• G1 Phase is a period when the cell grows larger, makes more organelles, and synthesizes proteins and enzymes to aid DNA replication.
• S Phase (Synthesis Phase) is when histones and other necessary materials for replication are prepared and each chromosomes is replicated.
• G2 Phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.
• Mitosis is a process of cell division that will result in the production of two daughter cells, identical to one another and to the parent cell.
• Prophase is the stage where the centrioles form and move toward opposite ends of the cell, chromatin becomes more tightly coiled to form chromosomes, and mitotic spindle fibers begins to form.
• Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes align at the center of the cell, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the mitotic spindle forms from the centrioles in animals.
• Anaphase is the stage where the chromosomes separate at the centromere, the mitotic spindle forms from the centrioles in animals, and the spindler fibers from the centrioles attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore.
• Telophase is the stage where the cell prepares for division, the nuclear envelope forms, and the mitotic spindle forms from the centrioles in animals.
• Cytokinesis is the stage where the cell divides.
• Astral microtubules anchor the spindle poles to the cell membrane during anaphase.
• Polar microtubules interdigitate at the spindle midzone and push the spindle poles apart via motor proteins during anaphase.
• The sister chromatids begin to move along microtubules towards the opposite poles during anaphase.
• The structure that forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move is referred to as the spindle.
• The dance of the chromosomes involves the movement of chromosomes towards the opposite poles during anaphase.
• In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, each individual chromosome is referred to as a chromatid.
• The structure that forms across the center of a plant cell near the end of telophase is referred to
• G1 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell.
• Prophase is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.
• The structure produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles is referred to as a centriole.
• Mitosis is the division of the nucleus and its contents, involving four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• In animal cells, cytokinesis is achieved through a process called cleavage furrow formation.
• The chromosomes gather at the metaphase plate, an imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindles of two poles.