cell bilogy

• Mitochondria generate energy through aerobic respiration.
• Ribosomes are small structures that synthesize proteins using information from mRNA.
• Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
• The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains pores that allow substances to enter or exit the nucleus.
• Nucleolus - A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules are produced.
• Chromatin - The material inside the nucleus made up of DNA and associated proteins.
• Cell wall - An external layer found only in plant cells, composed mainly of cellulose.
• Cell Membrane - Also known as plasma membrane, it surrounds the entire cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell.
• Cytoplasm - The fluid-like substance inside the plasma membrane that surrounds all organelles except the nucleus.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Consists of two types: rough ER with ribosomes on its surface and smooth ER without ribosomes.
• Mitochondria - Organelle responsible for producing energy through aerobic respiration.
• Cytoplasm - The fluid-like substance inside the cell membrane containing organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and ribosomes.
• what are in the plant cell?

  • cell membrane
• what are the two types of cell
• eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus while prokaryotic cells do not
• what are the two types of microscope?

  light and electron microscope
• which is used for more precise images and why?

  electron microscopes because they have higher resolution and magnification
• what is the equation for magnification?

  magnification= image size ./. real size
• what are chromosones?

  coiled up lengths of DNA molecules, which carry genes and found in nucleaus.they are normally in pairs in body cells(23 pairs and 46 chromosones in each cell)
• what is the cell cycle?


  series of stages in which a cell divides to produce new cells
• what occurs before a cell divides?

  1.grows in size

  2.increases the amount of subcellular structures

  3.duplicates its DNA