Lecture 11.0

• The fluid mosaic model says that proteins span the membrane instead of just being on the outside.
• Integral membrane proteins are proteins that are embedded in the bilayer.
• Peripheral membrane proteins are on the outside of the bilayer.
• The three types of membrane proteins are channels, carriers, and pumps.
• Stuff moving through channel proteins move passively.
• Ion channel proteins allow specifically for the passage of ions.
• Electrochemical gradient is when ions build up on one side of the plasma membrane.
• Ions passively diffuse down their electrochemical gradients.
• Aquaporins are channel proteins for water.
• Gated channels are proteins that open and close.
• Carrier proteins are selectively bind to a solute and drop it on the other side.
• GLUT-1 is a carrier protein that moves glucose.
• Pumps move substances against their concentration gradient.
• Pumps require an input of energy.
• Pumps are an example of active transport.
• The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move Na and K across their concentration gradient.
• Cystic fibrosis is when secretions become abnormally concentrated clogging pathways particularly in the lungs.