7.1.2.2 Operationalisation

• What are the three types of variables that need operationalisation in an experiment?

  Independent, dependent, and control variables
• Why is operationalising all variables important in research?

  It makes research reliable and consistent
• What is a challenge in operationalizing variables?

  Subjectivity
• What is a practical challenge in operationalizing variables?

  It can be costly or time-consuming
• Why are both operationalization and conceptualization essential in research?

  Operationalization follows conceptualization for measurement
• What are the main challenges in operationalizing variables?

  • Subjectivity in defining concepts
  • Practicality issues like cost and time
  • One-size-fits-all definitions may not apply
• Why is defining variables important in research?

  It ensures everyone understands the study
• Why is operationalisation important in experiments?

  It allows observation and measurement of variables
• How could you operationalise the variable "stress" in a study?

  By measuring heart rate using a monitor
• What is operationalisation in research?

  Defining a variable in measurable terms
• What does conceptualization involve?

  Defining a concept in clear terms
• What is the significance of measuring heart rate to operationalise stress?

  It provides a quantifiable way to assess stress levels
• What is a disadvantage of using subjective feelings to measure stress?

  They might vary between people
• What defines learning in the study methods experiment?

  Number of facts memorized
• How does operationalisation help us learn about ideas?

  It allows us to measure and analyze concepts
• What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

  The factor you measure to see effects
• What is the independent variable in an experiment?

  The factor you change or control
• How is memorization measured in the learning study?

  Using a post-study quiz
• What is the outcome of conceptualization?

  Provides a theoretical understanding of the concept
• What is a more practical method to measure stress than fMRI scans?

  A simple questionnaire
• How is motivation operationalized in a workplace setting?

  Number of tasks completed per hour
• What vital signs are monitored to assess pain levels objectively?

  Heart rate
• What does conceptualization provide in research?

  A theoretical basis
• How does operationalization help in research?

  It defines how variables are measured
• What is the difference between operationalization and conceptualization?

  • Operationalization:
  • Purpose: Make concepts measurable
  • Outcome: Defines how variables are measured
  • Conceptualization:
  • Purpose: Define and clarify concepts
  • Outcome: Provides a theoretical understanding
• How does measuring stress as heart rate improve research consistency?

  It allows consistent measurement across participants
• What is a control variable in an experiment?

  Factors kept constant to ensure consistency
• What does "one-size-fits-all" refer to in operational definitions?

  One definition may not suit all contexts
• How can we measure "happiness" operationally?

  • Count smiles
  • Use a happiness scale from 1 to 5
  • Measure heart rate when joyful
• Why might defining learning as "number of facts memorized" be problematic?

  It may not apply to skills development
• How would you conceptualize stress?

  Define stress as a feeling of pressure or anxiety
• Why can't we directly measure "happiness"?

  Because we cannot open someone's head to see
• Why is subjectivity a challenge in operationalization?

  Some concepts are hard to define objectively
• How should "anxiety" be operationalised in research?

  As stress scores on a questionnaire
• How is sleep operationalized in the anxiety study?

  As hours slept the night before
• What is the purpose of operationalization?

  Make concepts measurable
• How does operationalisation help in replicating a study?

  By providing specific definitions of variables
• How can happiness be operationalized more objectively?

  By using observable behaviors like smiling
• What is controlled for when measuring motivation?

  Workload by assigning equal task quantities
• How should "background noise" be operationalised in research?

  By setting it at 30 dB throughout