Chapter 4

• What does the data presentation section introduce?

  Order of presentation
• What background information is summarized in the data presentation?

  Information of the respondents and collected data
• What qualities should the data possess?

  Data should be sufficient, valid, and accurate
• How should the presentation of data be structured?

  It should be clear and logical
• How should data follow the research questions?

  Data should adequately answer the research questions
• How should tables, graphs, and figures be presented?

  They should be appropriately placed, titled, and numbered
• What does the text present regarding tables?


  It presents only the highlights of the tables
• What forms can the presentation of findings take?

  Tables, figures, or charts
• What does analysis refer to in data presentation?

  Describing and highlighting significant findings
• What is the purpose of interpretation in data analysis?

  To explain or suggest inferences from data
• What should you stress when analyzing data?

  Only important results that answer the problem
• What should be consistent in your data analysis approach?

  Consistency and coherence based on conventions
• How can data be analyzed?

  Quantitatively or qualitatively
• What should you avoid when analyzing data?

  Avoid table reading
• How should statistical descriptions be stated?

  In declarative sentences
• What should you establish when interpreting data?

  Interconnections between and among data
• What should you check regarding hypotheses during interpretation?

  Whether hypotheses are supported by findings
• How should present findings relate to previous literature?

  Link present findings with previous literature
• What should be used to give credence to findings?

  Parallel observations with contemporary events
• In what order should findings be presented?

  In the order of the specific problem
• What are the forms of data presentation?

  • Tabular
  • Textual
  • Graphical
• What is the purpose of tabular presentation?

  • Organizes and compresses data
  • Facilitates study and interpretation
• What does textual presentation involve?

  • Statements with numerical data
  • Highlights important data
  • Supplements tabular or graphical presentation
• What is graphical presentation used for?

  • Represents quantitative variations
  • Shows relationships and changes in data
  • Common types: bar, line, circle, pictogram, map graphs
• What should be considered when choosing graphs for data presentation?

  Choose graphs that best represent your data
• What is a bar graph?

  A vertical or horizontal representation of data
• What is a line graph?

  A graph showing data points connected by lines
• What is a circle graph?

  A graph representing data as parts of a whole
• What is a pictogram?

  A graph using pictures to represent data
• What is a map graph?

  A graph representing data on a geographical map
• What should be avoided to prevent redundancy in data presentation?

  Choosing graphs that do not represent data well