Chlamydia

• What is the focus of section 47 of the study material?

  Bacteria overview
• Which organisms are discussed in this section?

  Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila sataki
• What mnemonic is used to remember Chlamydia?

  Clams represent chlamydia
• What does the teacher's shirt with the letter 'S' signify?

  Most serotypes of chlamydia are sexually transmitted
• What type of organism is Chlamydia?

  Obligate intracellular organism
• Why can't Chlamydia make ATP?

  It relies on host cells for energy
• What are the two forms of Chlamydia trachomatis?

  Elementary bodies and reticulate bodies
• How do elementary bodies enter the cell?

  Via endocytosis
• What happens to elementary bodies once inside the cell?

  They form reticulate bodies and replicate
• What does the teacher's hug represent in the mnemonic?

  Endocytosis of elementary bodies
• What do the rakes inside the school windows represent?

  Reticulate bodies
• Why does Chlamydia not gram stain well?

  It lacks muramic acid in its cell wall
• What is the significance of the card games in the image?

  Chlamydia can be identified using Giemsa stain
• What do the chains and nap bugs represent in the image?

  Chains represent PCR; nap bugs represent NAT
• How are Chlamydia infections diagnosed?

  Using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT)
• What are the serotype groups of Chlamydia trachomatis?

  • Serotypes A, B, C: Hand-to-hand transmission, cause trachoma
  • Serotypes D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K: Cause urethritis, PID, neonatal pneumonia
  • Serotypes L1, L2, L3: Cause lymphogranuloma venereum
• What does the apple tree represent in the image?

  Serotypes A, B, and C
• What does the dog represent in the image?

  Serotypes D through K
• What does the lamp represent in the image?

  Serotypes L1, L2, and L3
• What is the transmission method for serotypes A, B, and C?

  Hand-to-hand transmission
• What condition is caused by serotypes A, B, and C?

  Trachoma
• What does the burning pelvis of the pregnant woman represent?

  Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• What do the babies in the car represent?

  Neonatal pneumonia and conjunctivitis
• What is the timing for neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia?

  1 to 2 weeks after birth
• What does the limping granny represent?

  Lymphogranuloma venereum
• What are the characteristics of lymphogranuloma venereum?

  Painless genital ulcer and inguinal lymphadenopathy
• What is the treatment for serotypes L1, L2, and L3?

  Doxycycline
• What complication can occur following a Chlamydia infection?

  Reiter's syndrome
• What is a common co-infection with Chlamydia?

  Gonorrhea
• How are Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae transmitted?

  Aerosolized droplets
• What do birds represent in the image?

  Reservoirs for Chlamydophila psittaci
• What is the treatment for Chlamydia infections?

  Ceftriaxone and azithromycin
• What is the significance of the question about the 12-day-old infant?

  It illustrates neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia
• Why is the timing of conjunctivitis important in the question about the infant?

  It distinguishes Chlamydia from gonorrhea
• Why is the answer D in the infant case study correct?

  Serotypes D through K cause neonatal conjunctivitis
• What is the incorrect answer A referring to in the infant case study?

  Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by serotypes L1, L2, L3
• What is the incorrect answer B referring to in the infant case study?

  Trachoma, leading cause of blindness
• What is the incorrect answer C referring to in the infant case study?

  Septic arthritis associated with gonorrhea
• Why is it important to differentiate between Chlamydia and gonorrhea in neonatal conjunctivitis?

  Timing of symptoms differs between the two
• What is the overall conclusion of the study material regarding Chlamydia?

  Chlamydia has various serotypes with distinct presentations