Cell structure

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do animal and plant cells replicate?

  They divide into two cells, then four
• What distinguishes bacterial cells from animal and plant cells in terms of organism structure?

  Bacterial cells can be whole organisms
• What type of cells are animal and plant cells classified as?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What type of cells are bacterial cells classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm?

  Gel-like substance where reactions occur
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What process do mitochondria use to release energy?

  Aerobic respiration
• What are ribosomes responsible for?

  Protein synthesis
• What additional structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

  Rigid cell wall
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is a permanent vacuole?

  A sac containing cell sap
• What does cell sap consist of?

  Mixture of sugars, salts, and water
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll
• Why do chloroplasts make plant leaves green?

  Chlorophyll absorbs light energy
• What type of organism are bacteria classified as?

  Unicellular organisms
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial DNA structured?

  Single circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of extra DNA
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel bacteria for movement
• How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of structure?

  Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
• What is the significance of the circular chromosome in bacteria?

  Contains all genes for survival
• What happens when too much water enters a plant cell?

  It could burst without the cell wall
• How do the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in cells?

  Mitochondria produce energy; chloroplasts perform photosynthesis
• What is the role of the cytoplasm in cellular processes?

  Site for chemical reactions
• What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

  To synthesize proteins
• How do animal cells differ from plant cells in terms of structure?

  Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts
• What is the significance of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides structural support and prevents bursting
• What are the implications of bacterial plasmids for antibiotic resistance?

  They carry genes for antibiotic resistance
• What is the main component of the plant cell wall?

  Cellulose
• How does the structure of bacterial cells affect their function?

  Simple structure allows rapid reproduction
• How do the roles of mitochondria and ribosomes complement each other in a cell?

  Mitochondria provide energy; ribosomes synthesize proteins
• What is the relationship between cell division and organism growth in multicellular organisms?

  Cell division allows for growth and replacement
• What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?

  Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• How does the presence of a permanent vacuole benefit plant cells?

  Stores cell sap for use when needed
• What are the implications of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for their respective functions?

  Prokaryotic cells are simpler and reproduce faster