transpiration and translocation

• What is the process by which plants transport sugars?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• How are phloem cells arranged?

  End to end to form phloem tubes
• What do the small pores between phloem cells allow?

  Movement of cell sap
• What is cell sap composed of?

  A liquid mixture of water and sugar
• What can sugars be used for once transported?

  For energy or stored for later
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells
• How do xylem tubes differ from phloem tubes?

  Xylem tubes have no ends between cells
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What is the role of xylem tubes?

  Transporting water and mineral ions
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• What happens to transpiration at nighttime?

  It decreases due to closed stomata
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperature increases evaporation rate
• What happens to the concentration gradient of water in leaves?

  Higher inside than outside the leaf
• How does high airflow affect transpiration?

  It increases the rate by blowing away water
• How does humidity affect transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases the rate of transpiration
• What happens to transpiration in humid air?

  It decreases due to lower concentration gradient
• What is the main purpose of transpiration?

  To facilitate water movement in plants
• What is the relationship between transpiration and photosynthesis?

  Transpiration allows CO2 intake for photosynthesis
• How do stomata function in relation to transpiration?

  They open to allow gas exchange and water loss
• What is the effect of increased light intensity on stomata?

  More stomata open for CO2 intake
• What happens to transpiration when stomata are closed?

  Transpiration rate decreases significantly
• How does the concentration gradient affect water diffusion?

  A steeper gradient increases diffusion rate
• What is the role of evaporation in the transpiration process?

  It pulls water molecules up the plant
• What is the significance of the transpiration stream?

  It maintains a continuous flow of water
• How does transpiration contribute to nutrient transport?

  It helps draw water and minerals from roots
• What happens to the rate of transpiration in windy conditions?

  It increases due to rapid water loss
• What is the overall effect of transpiration on plant health?

  It supports nutrient uptake and cooling
• How does transpiration affect leaf temperature?

  It cools the leaf through water loss
• What is the relationship between transpiration and plant growth?

  Transpiration aids in nutrient delivery for growth
• How does transpiration influence water availability in the soil?

  It can reduce water availability through loss
• What is the impact of transpiration on the water cycle?

  It contributes to atmospheric moisture levels
• How does transpiration affect the overall ecosystem?

  It supports plant life and water cycles