mitosis

• mitosis is a nuclear division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

  used for growth/repair

  asexual reproduction
• diploid is a full set of chromosomes
• mitosis consists of four stages

  1. prophase
  2. metaphase
  3. anaphase
  4. telephase
• mitosis starts with interphase

  1. Growth/gap 1- cell synthesises more protein. Solid, dark nucleus, chromosomes not visible
  2. Synthesis- DNA replicates to form chromosomes made of 2 chromatids
  3. Growth/Gap 2- cell increases ATP and replicates organelles, mention centromeres
• cytokinesis happens after mitosis, interphase before
• prophase

  • nuclear membrane breaks down
  • DNA condenses and chromosomes become visible
  • centrioles move to opposite poles
• metaphase

  • chromosomes line up in the equator
  • spindle fibres form and are released from centrioles to attach to centromeres
• anaphase

  • spindle fibres contract and pull to opposite poles
  • centromere divides in half
• telophase

  • chromosomes unwind
  • nuclear membrane reforms
• carrier protein requires atp because it changes shape

  channel protein stays open
• Active transport uses intrinsic carrier proteins to move substances against their concentration gradient.
• Facilitated diffusion uses intrinsic channel proteins
• eukaryote cells are animal/plants cells
• plants eukaryotic cells have

  • chloroplast
  • vacuoles
  • lysosomes
  • golgi apparatus
  • RER
  • SER
  • 80s Ribosomes
  • nucleolus
  • cell membrane
  • cell wall (cellulose)
  • mitochondria
• lysosome is a membrane bound organelle that contains enzymes that digest and recycle cellular waste
• vacuoles are found in plant cells and are filled with cell sap