Contains genetic material (DNA) that controls the cell's activities.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of Mitochondria?
Aerobic respiration, where energy is released (From Glucose and Oxygen).
What is the function of the Ribosome?
Protein synthesis - The production of Certain Animo acids to form a certain type of protein.
What is the function of the Cell wall?
Provides structural support using cellulose and is found in plant cells only.
What is the function of the vacuole?
Stores cell sap containing water, sugars, and minerals. It is found in plantcellsonly.
What is the function of Chromosomal DNA?
Containsgeneticinformation for cellfunctions and is found in BacterialCells only.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
A solvent in which chemical reactions take place.
what is the function of a chloroplast?
Photosynthesis - the production of glucose (Used for energy) in plants.
What is the function of Plasmid DNA?
Contains additional genes, often for antibiotic resistance that can be inherited.
What is the function of a Flagellum?
Movement.
Give 3 adaptations for a sperm cell:
Haploid Nucleus: Carries half the number of chromosomes (23) to combine with the egg's nucleus during fertilisation.
Mitochondria: Provides energy for the sperm to swim to the egg.
Tail: Propels the sperm towards the egg for fertilisation.
Give 3 adaptations of an egg cell:
- Haploid cell.
- Contains a lot of nutrients in the cytoplasm.
- the cell membrane changes structure right after fertilisation to prevent another sperm cell from entering.
How are Ciliated Epithelial Cells specialised?
- They are found on the surface of some organs.
- They contain cilia (hair-like structures) at the top surface of the cell.
- They move substances in one direction.
What is a light microscope?
A microscope that uses visible light to magnify and observe small objects or organisms.
What is an electron microscope?
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to achieve higher magnification and resolution.
Eyepiece (Ocular Lens): Magnifies the image produced by the objective lens.
Objective Lens: Magnifies the specimen; microscopes typically have multiple objective lenses with different magnification levels.
Stage: Supports the slide or specimen being observed.
Stage Clips: Holds the slide in place on the stage.
CoarseAdjustmentKnob: Used for initial focusing by moving the stage up or down.
Fine Adjustment Knob: Allows precise focusing to obtain a clear image.
Illuminator (Light Source): Provides light to illuminate the specimen.
Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen.
Base: Provides stability and support for the microscope.
Arm: Used to carry and support the microscope.
What is magnification?
The amount of times an image is magnified.
Total magnification = magnification of objective lens x magnification of eyepiece lens
magnification = image size/real size.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up a reaction.
Active Site: The active site on the enzyme's surface binds with the substrate, providing a specific three-dimensional environment.
Enzyme-Substrate Complex Formation: The substrate, a specific molecule, fits into the enzyme's active site, forming the enzyme-substrate complex for a preciseinteraction.
Catalysis of Reaction: The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of the substrate into products once bound to the active site, lowering the activation energy.