Pollination

• What is pollination?

  The transfer of pollen from male to female plant parts
• What are self incompatable plants pollinated by?

  Winds or insects
• What do flowers that benefit the most from insects exhibit?

  High flower constancy
• What does cross pollination ensure?

  High genetic diversity

  Prevents inbreeding

  
• What are the top insect pollinators?

  Hymeno

  Dip

  Coleo

  Lepido
• What attract pollinators?

  Colors

  Fragrance

  Shape

  Display type

  
• What are pollination rewards?

  Nectar, pollen, waxes and lipids, thermoregulation
• What does selection favor?

  A close relationship between the flower and the pollinator
• Generalist flowers?

  Many potential pollinators, pollen goes to other flowers
• Generalist flowers?

  Lots of pollen and is easily accessible
• Intermediate flowers? (clovers)

  Bee pollinated only, and will only bloom when bees are active
• Intermediate flowers?

  Need less pollen
• Specialist flowers? (orchids)

  Least pollen, flower constant

  Pollinator dependent, high risk
• Specialist flowers?

  Lowe competition, provides special attractants
• What are the two different kinds of flower pollination mechanisms?

  Reward or deceive

  
• Deceit orchids?

  1/3 of all orchids are deceitful

  
• Deceit orchids?

  Male pollinators are tricked into mating with the flower. Pollen attaches to the male one over

  
• Obligate mutualism?

  Fig and fig wasps

  
• How much is pollination worth?

  225 bill USD
• How many crops do insects pollinate?

  124 crops, nearly 70%
• What has lead to pollinator decline?

  Disease, overuse of pesticide, and habitat degradation