2B

• What are ionic substances composed of?

  A cation and an anion with an ionic bond between atoms, metal and non-metal
• What is the electrons behaviour to form ionic substances?

  The atom that gains the electron becomes an anion, the electron that loses becomes a cation
• What are bonds betwen ionic atoms called

  Electrovalent bonds
• What is the melting/boiling point of ionic substances?

  High melting points
• What are ionic substances conductivity when dissolved in water?

  Conducts electricity (electrolytes)
• What are ionic substances conductivity when solid?

  Not conductive
• 3 examples of common ionic substances

  NaCI, NaHCO3, NaF
• What are molecular substances composed of?

  Non-metals in which covalent bonds are formed between bonds where electrons are shared
• What are electrons behaviour to form molecular substances?

  Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
• What are bonds between molecular atoms called?

  Covalent bonds
• What is the melting/boiling point of molecular substances?


  Fairly low melting points
• What are molecular substances conductivity when dissolved in water?

  Most don't conduct electricity when dissolved in water (non-electrolytes)
• What are molecular substances conductivity when solid?

  Do not conduct electricity in any state
• 3 common examples of molecular subtances

  H2O, CO2, C6H612O6
• What do ionic electron configurations do?

  Electron transfer
• What do molecular electron configurations do?

  Electron sharing
• What happens to acid ions when dissolved in water?

  Form hydrogen ions
• How do acids taste?

  Sour
• What are common uses of acids?

  Cleaning metals, household cleaning
• What is a danger of acids?

  Can cause severe burning and scarring on skin
• What is the phenolthalien reaction of acids?

  Stays colourless
• What is the litmus reaction of acids?

  Blue to red
• Touch of acids


  Non-slippery
• Conductivity of acids


  Conductive
• Acids reaction with metals


  Corrodes metals
• pH of acids


  Under 7
• Bromethymol blue reaction of acids


  Turns yellow
• What happens to base ions when dissolved in water?

  Forms hydrogen ions
• How do bases taste?

  Bitter
• What are common uses of bases?

  Manufacturing soaps, toothpaste
• What is a danger of bases?

  Chemical burns
• What is the phenolthalien reaction of bases?

  Turns bright red/pink
• What is the litmus reaction of bases?

  Red to blue
• Touch of bases


  Slippery
• Conductivity of bases


  Conductive
• Bases reaction with metals


  No reaction
• pH of bases


  Over 7
• Bromethymol blue reaction of bases


  Becomes blue
• What does the pH scale go to?

  0-14
• what does pH tell us?

  The quantity of hydrogen ions in each litre of a solution