System level

• What is the next level after studying cells and tissues in physiology?

  The system level
• Why is the liver an important organ in the digestive system?

  It produces bile to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats
• What is the function of the trachea?

  Allows air to pass between the larynx and lungs
• What is the first major physiological system mentioned?

  Digestive system
• How do the major physiological systems of the human body interact?

  • They work together to maintain homeostasis
  • Organs interact across different systems
• What is the function of the larynx?

  • Contains the vocal cords for speech
  • Allows air to pass between the pharynx and trachea
• What happens in the stomach during digestion?

  Stomach acids digest proteins
• If you wanted to study the internal structure of a cell in detail, which type of microscope would you use?

  Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
• What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  Breaks down food into nutrients
• What is the function of the sublingual gland?

  Produces saliva that helps with swallowing and digestion
• What role do lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system?

  Lymph nodes trap bacteria
• What is the function of the gallbladder?

  • Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
  • Releases bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion
• What does the respiratory system supply to the circulatory system?

  Oxygen needed for distribution throughout the body
• What is the sixth major physiological system listed?

  Lymphatic system
• How does the urinary system interact with the circulatory system?

  It removes waste from the blood transported by the circulatory system
• What are the main parts of the digestive system labeled in the image?

  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Transverse colon
  • Jejunum
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
• Which organs are involved in digestion?

  Mouth, stomach, intestines
• How would you use a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the surface features of a cell?

  • SEMs produce 3D images by scanning the surface of a sample with an electron beam
  • This allows detailed observation of the external features and topography of cells
• How does the heart contribute to the circulatory system?

  Heart pumps blood to all organs
• What do the kidneys do in the urinary system?

  Kidneys filter waste from the blood
• What does the heart distribute during blood circulation?

  Nutrients from the digestive system
• What is hormone regulation?

  Brain releases hormones affecting metabolism
• How do different organs function at the system level?

  They integrate to achieve overall body functions
• How does the pancreas function in the endocrine system?

  Pancreas produces insulin to control sugar levels
• What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

  Fights infections and moves fluids
• What is the function of the pancreas?

  Produces enzymes and hormones that aid in digestion
• How does the endocrine system relate to hormone regulation?

  Affects metabolism through hormone release
• How does the digestive system process food?

  It breaks down food into absorbable nutrients
• What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

  Releases hormones that regulate body functions
• What is homeostasis in the context of physiological systems?

  • The maintenance of stable internal conditions
  • Involves interactions among various organ systems
• What is the fifth major physiological system mentioned?

  Endocrine system
• What are the major physiological systems and their functions?

  1. Digestive system: Breaks down food into nutrients
  2. Respiratory system: Takes in oxygen, removes carbon dioxide
  3. Circulatory system: Transports blood, nutrients, hormones
  4. Urinary system: Removes waste from blood as urine
  5. Endocrine system: Releases hormones regulating body functions
  6. Lymphatic system: Fights infections, moves fluids
• What is the main function of the urinary system?

  Removes waste from the blood as urine
• What is the fourth major physiological system listed?

  Urinary system
• What role does the endocrine system play in the body?

  It regulates body functions through hormones
• What does the endocrine system produce?

  hormones
• What does the circulatory system carry from the endocrine system?

  Hormones that regulate body functions
• What are the key structures of the urinary system?

  kidneys, bladder
• What is the main function of the respiratory system?

  Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
• What occurs during respiration?

  Nose inhales, lungs absorb oxygen