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AQA Chemistry Paper 2
Chemistry of the Atmosphere
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Andrea
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Cards (23)
What has changed over the course of Earth's history regarding atmospheric chemistry?
The
composition
of gases in the atmosphere
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Why do we need to extrapolate to understand past atmospheric conditions?
Records only go so
far
in
history
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What was likely the primary composition of the early atmosphere?
A lot of
nitrogen
and
carbon dioxide
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How did carbon dioxide likely dissolve in the oceans?
It was probably a result of water vapor
condensing
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What can carbon dioxide be trapped in to reduce atmospheric levels?
Sediment rocks
and
fossil fuels
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How do algae and plants affect carbon dioxide levels?
They turn
CO2
into oxygen through
photosynthesis
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What is the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
0.018%
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What is the greenhouse effect?
Water vapor,
CO2
, and
methane
keep Earth warm
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What
has happened to CO2 levels since the Industrial Revolution?
They have increased significantly
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What percentage of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor?
95%
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What does the AQA specification say about modeling complex systems?
It's
incredibly hard to model them
accurately
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What has been a criticism of IPCC models over the last 20 years?
They have been
wildly
incorrect
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What was the public reaction to the term "carbon footprint" in the mid-2000s?
People
became
very
concerned
about
it
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What is carbon monoxide and why is it dangerous?
It binds to
red blood cells
, reducing oxygen transport
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Why is carbon monoxide hard to detect?
It is
odorless
and
colorless
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What is a common pollutant released when fossil fuels are burned?
Sulfur dioxide
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What environmental issue is caused by sulfur dioxide?
It causes
acid rain
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What health problems can nitrogen oxides cause?
Breathing
problems
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What is particulate carbon and how is it formed?
It is made from
incomplete combustion
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What health issues can particulate carbon cause?
It can cause various
health
issues
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What are the main components of the greenhouse effect?
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Methane
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What are the impacts of fossil fuel combustion on the atmosphere?
Releases carbon monoxide
Releases sulfur dioxide (causes acid rain)
Releases nitrogen oxides (causes breathing problems)
Produces particulate carbon (health issues)
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What are the challenges in modeling climate systems?
Complex
interactions
Difficulty in predicting
outcomes
Historical
data limitations
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