Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Cards (23)

  • What has changed over the course of Earth's history regarding atmospheric chemistry?
    The composition of gases in the atmosphere
  • Why do we need to extrapolate to understand past atmospheric conditions?
    Records only go so far in history
  • What was likely the primary composition of the early atmosphere?
    A lot of nitrogen and carbon dioxide
  • How did carbon dioxide likely dissolve in the oceans?
    It was probably a result of water vapor condensing
  • What can carbon dioxide be trapped in to reduce atmospheric levels?
    Sediment rocks and fossil fuels
  • How do algae and plants affect carbon dioxide levels?
    They turn CO2 into oxygen through photosynthesis
  • What is the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
    0.018%
  • What is the greenhouse effect?
    Water vapor, CO2, and methane keep Earth warm
  • What has happened to CO2 levels since the Industrial Revolution?

    They have increased significantly
  • What percentage of the greenhouse effect is caused by water vapor?
    95%
  • What does the AQA specification say about modeling complex systems?
    It's incredibly hard to model them accurately
  • What has been a criticism of IPCC models over the last 20 years?
    They have been wildly incorrect
  • What was the public reaction to the term "carbon footprint" in the mid-2000s?
    People became very concerned about it
  • What is carbon monoxide and why is it dangerous?
    It binds to red blood cells, reducing oxygen transport
  • Why is carbon monoxide hard to detect?
    It is odorless and colorless
  • What is a common pollutant released when fossil fuels are burned?
    Sulfur dioxide
  • What environmental issue is caused by sulfur dioxide?
    It causes acid rain
  • What health problems can nitrogen oxides cause?
    Breathing problems
  • What is particulate carbon and how is it formed?
    It is made from incomplete combustion
  • What health issues can particulate carbon cause?
    It can cause various health issues
  • What are the main components of the greenhouse effect?
    • Water vapor
    • Carbon dioxide
    • Methane
  • What are the impacts of fossil fuel combustion on the atmosphere?
    • Releases carbon monoxide
    • Releases sulfur dioxide (causes acid rain)
    • Releases nitrogen oxides (causes breathing problems)
    • Produces particulate carbon (health issues)
  • What are the challenges in modeling climate systems?
    • Complex interactions
    • Difficulty in predicting outcomes
    • Historical data limitations