Using Resources

• What is the final topic discussed in the material?

  Resources and sustainability
• Why do we need resources like warmth, shelter, and food?

  They are essential for survival and comfort
• What is sustainability in resource use?

  Using resources without compromising future generations
• What is potable water?

  Water safe for drinking
• How is freshwater typically sourced in most countries?

  From freshwater sources with low salt content
• What process is used to sterilize water?

  Chlorination, ozone, or UV light
• What is desalination?

  Removing salt from seawater
• What are two methods of desalination mentioned?

  Distillation and reverse osmosis
• Why is pure or distilled water dangerous to drink in large amounts?

  It causes cells to become turgid through osmosis
• What creates wastewater?

  Going to the toilet and industrial processes
• What is required before wastewater is released back into the environment?

  Treatment to remove harmful substances
• What processes are involved in treating wastewater?

  Screening, sedimentation, and aerobic digestion
• What is sludge in wastewater treatment?

  The solid material that sinks to the bottom
• How is sludge treated?

  Through anaerobic digestion
• What is effluent in wastewater treatment?

  The liquid that requires treatment
• What is the primary source of metals for various industries?

  Mining from ores
• What are two methods of extracting metals from ores?

  Electrolysis and displacement reactions
• What is phyto mining?

  Using plants to absorb minerals from soil
• How does bioleaching work?

  Bacteria create solutions containing metal compounds
• What is a life cycle assessment (LCA)?

  A process to predict a product's environmental impact
• What stages are considered in an LCA?

  Extraction, manufacturing, use, and disposal
• How can we reduce our environmental impact?

  By reducing product use and recycling materials
• Which materials can be recycled infinitely?

  Glass and metal
• What is corrosion?

  Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
• What is rust?

  Corrosion of iron and steel
• What is galvanizing?

  Coating metal with a more reactive metal
• What is an alloy?

  A mixture of different metals
• What is bronze an alloy of?

  Copper and tin
• What is steel an alloy of?

  Iron and carbon
• What makes stainless steel more resistant to corrosion?

  Presence of chromium or nickel
• Why are alloys usually stronger than pure metals?

  Different sized atoms disrupt the lattice structure
• What is soda-lime glass made from?

  Sand, sodium carbonate, and limestone
• What is borosilicate glass known for?

  Higher melting point than soda-lime glass
• What are ceramics made from?

  Clay heated in a furnace
• What are composites?

  Materials made from two different materials
• What do HDPE and LDPE stand for?

  High-density and low-density polyethylene
• What is the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers?

  Thermosoftening melts; thermosetting does not
• What is the Haber process used for?

  Making ammonia for fertilizers
• What gases are used in the Haber process?

  Nitrogen and hydrogen
• What temperature and pressure are used in the Haber process?

  450°C and 200 atmospheres