mt pt2

• What type of bacteria is Actinomyces?


  Non-motile, non-spore forming
• What is the oxygen requirement of Actinomyces?

  Capnophilic
• What is the Gram stain result for Actinomyces?

  Gram-positive
• What type of media does Actinomyces require for growth?

  Enriched media like serum or blood
• What is a characteristic feature of Actinomyces species?

  Branching rods
• How do Actinomyces species typically grow?

  They produce true mycelium that fragments
• How many species of Actinomyces commonly cause disease in domesticated animals?

  Four species
• Name one species of Actinomyces that causes disease.

  1. bovis
• Where is Actinomyces normally found in animals?

  Oral, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts
• How are Actinomyces species affected by heat and disinfectants?

  They are readily killed by heat and disinfectants
• What was Arcanobacterium pyogenes formerly called?

  Actinomyces pyogenes
• What type of lesions does Arcanobacterium pyogenes commonly cause?

  Suppurative lesions
• What is a common association of Arcanobacterium pyogenes?

  Summer mastitis
• What does the name "pyogenes" refer to?

  Pus-producing
• How does Arcanobacterium pyogenes appear on blood agar plates?

  Hemolytic
• What disease does Actinomyces bovis cause?

  Lumpy jaw
• What is the primary site of infection for Actinomyces bovis?

  Mandible and maxilla of cattle
• How does Actinomyces bovis typically invade tissues?

  Following trauma to the mucosa
• What is a characteristic symptom of lumpy jaw caused by Actinomyces bovis?

  Painful swelling and fistulous tracts
• What do the exudates from Actinomyces bovis lesions contain?

  Sulphur granules with club colonies
• What is the treatment of choice for small lesions caused by Actinomyces bovis?

  Surgery
• What media is good for isolating Actinomyces bovis?

  Loeffler’s blood serum slants
• What antibiotics is Actinomyces bovis sensitive to?

  Penicillin and streptomycin
• What is one treatment option for Actinomyces bovis infections?

  Iodine compound, if no toxicity
• What is another treatment option for Actinomyces bovis infections?

  Drainage and lavage of lesions
• What does Actinobaculum suis cause?

  Porcine cystitis and pyelonephritis
• How is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?

  At coitus
• What disease does Actinomyces viscosus cause in hamsters?

  Periodontal disease
• What distinguishes Actinomyces viscosus from Nocardia species?

  Failure to grow on SDA
• What is the Gram stain result for Mycobacterium?

  Gram-positive
• What is a key feature of Mycobacterium's cell wall?

  Rich in lipids and mycolic acid
• How does Mycobacterium appear in Ziehl-Neelsen staining?

  Stained red
• Where can Mycobacterium be found in the environment?

  Soil, vegetation, and water
• How long can Mycobacterium survive in the environment?

  For months
• What type of media do pathogenic Mycobacterium species require?

  Complex egg-enriched media
• How do pathogenic Mycobacterium species grow?

  Slowly, colonies not visible for 3 weeks
• What is a characteristic of Mycobacterium regarding environmental influences?

  Resistant to adverse environmental influences
• What is Mycobacterium's susceptibility to heat treatment?

  Susceptible
• Name one closely-related member of Mycobacterium that can cause tuberculosis in humans.

  1. tuberculosis
• What diseases are caused by mycobacteria in domestic animals?

  Tuberculosis and paratuberculosis