Key Terms

• Structural isomerism is when isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangement.
• The three types of intermolecular forces are van der Waals, permanent dipole and hydrogen bonding.
• Electronegativity is the measure of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
• A difference in electronegativity values can produce a polar bond (dipole).
• An electrophile is a species with an electron poor area.
• A nucleophile is a species with an electron rich area.
• A free radical is a species with an unpaired electron.
• Bond fission is the breaking of a single covalent bond (contains a shared pair of electrons).
• Homolytic fission (homolysis) produces two species of the same type, free radicals are produced.
• Heterolytic fission (heterolysis) produces two species of a different type, ions are produced.
• A functional group is the part of a molecule that gives each homologous series its characteristic reactivity.