Anatomical Position and Direction

• anatomy


  a field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things
• Physiology


  a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved
• The Standard Anatomical Position


  What do you call this?

  
• The body is standing erect.
• The feet are together or close together and are pointing forward.
• The arms are on the sides with palms facing forward.
• The head is erect and looking straight ahead.
• When it comes to the ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGIES, your left side is your patient's right side while your right side is your patiens left side
• umbilicus is your bellybutton
• Superior (Cranial)


  toward the head (upper or above)
• Inferior (Caudal)


  toward the feet (lower or below)
• Anterior (ventral) 


  toward the front of the body (in front of)
• Posterior (dorsal)


  toward the back of the body (at the back of)
• Medial 


  closer to the midline
• Midline


  It divides the body into right and left half.
• Lateral


  further to the midline
• Proximal and Distal


  are only used when referring to the attachment point of the arms and legs (limbs).
• Proximal


  closer to the point of attachment
• Distal


  further to the point of attachment
• Superficial (external) 


  closer to the surface (outside) of the body
• Deep (internal) 


  away from the outside of the body.
• ANATOMICAL PLANES


  It helps us understand the different ways on which the body can be viewed when cut into section.
• 4 types of anatomical planes

  Sagittal

  Oblique

  Frontal(coronal)

  Transverse(horizontal)
• 2 types of sagittal

  Midsagittal- excatly the midline

  Parasagittal-not on the midline
• OBLIQUE PLANE


  A plane that is any type of angle aside from horizontal or vertical angle.
• FRONTAL PLANE(coronal)


  A plane that runs vertically top to bottom and divides the body into a front (anterior) side and back (posterior) portion.
• TRANSVERSE PLANE(horizontal) 


  The only horizontal plane, and it divides the body into a top (superior) and bottom (inferior) portion.