L1 | BECOMING A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY

• ENCULTURATION / SOCIALIZATION

  • Process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary to that culture and its worldviews. 
  • The influences that limit, direct, or shape the individual include parents, other adults, and peers
• 2 PHASES OF ENCULTURATION

  1. Unconscious stage
  2. Conscious stage
• UNCONSCIOUS STAGE

  • Early years in human growth, 
  • Individual unconsciously internalizes his culture
• CONSCIOUS STAGE

  • Later years
  • Involves innovations initiated by individuals
• 2 MAJOR ASPECTS OF ENCULTURATION

  1. Informal
  2. Formal
• INFORMAL

  • “Child training”
• FORMAL

  • “Education”
• IDENTITY FORMATION

  • Relates to the understanding people hold on and believe to what is meaningful to them as it may be sourced from gender, sexual orientation, nationality or ethnicity, and social class.
• CONFORMITY

  • Chooses a course of action that a majority favors or that which is socially acceptable
• DEVIANCE

  • Course of action that is not socially acceptable or that the majority finds unfavorable
  • Criminal
  • Non-criminal
• TYPES OF DEVIANCE

  1. Physical deviance
  2. Sexual deviance
  3. Deviance in Cyberspace
  4. Elite deviance
  5. Positive deviance
• PHYSICAL DEVIANCE

  • Most visible form
  • Can evoke stereotypes, stigma, and discrimination
• SEXUAL DEVIANCE

  • Behaviors that are quite atypical, unusual, or abnormal, that most “normal” individuals would consider the behaviors strange
• DEVIANCE IN CYBERSPACE

  • Inappropriate or criminal behavior in a digital context
• ELITE DEVIANCE

  • Criminal and deviant acts by the largest corporations and the most powerful political organizations
• 3 TYPES OF HARMS (ELITE D.)

  1. Physical
  2. Financial
  3. Moral
• 3 TYPES OF ACTS (ELITE D.)

  1. Economic domination
  2. Government control
  3. Denial of basic human rights
• POSITIVE DEVIANCE

  • Intentional behavior that significantly depart from the norms of a referent group in honorable ways
• 3 WAYS TO CLASSIFY GROUPS:

  1. Social Aggregate
  2. Social Category
  3. Social Group
• SOCIAL AGGREGATE

  • Collection of people who happens to be at a same place and same time
  • No common characteristics
  • Do not interact with e/o
• SOCIAL CATEGORY

  • Share same characteristics
  • No means of interaction
• SOCIAL GROUP

  • More than an aggregate and category:
  • 4 pointers:
  • Shared identity
  • Interact regularly
  • Established structure
  • Observe consensus
• PRIMARY GROUP

  • Shows intimate relationship (ex. family)
• SECONDARY GROUP

  • Impersonal relationship
• IN - GROUP

  • Everyone in the circle
  • Observe respect and loyalty
• OUT - GROUP

  • Outside your circle