Sociology family's and houseolds

• Lone parent households are becoming more common due to divorce, separation, death, or never marrying.
• Extended families include grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, or other relatives living together with the nuclear family.
• The nuclear family is the most common type of household, consisting of two parents and their children.
• The number of lone parents has increased from 1 million in the early 1970s to over 2 million today.
• There is no clear evidence on whether children raised by single mothers have lower life chances than those raised by two-parent families.
• Children living with stepfathers may be at higher risk of abuse compared to other types of families.
• The extended family is less common today than it was in the past.
• Reconstituted families occur when one partner has been married previously and brings children into the new relationship.
• There were 35% fewer married couples with dependent children in 2018 compared to 1964.
• In 2018, there was an increase in cohabiting couple families (living as if they were married) by 1.2 million since 1996.
• Cohabitation rates have doubled among those aged under 30 years old.
• Divorce rates have been falling since the mid-1980s but still remain high at around 45%.
• Changes in social norms and expectations regarding marriage and childbearing have also contributed to this trend.
• Symetrical family. Young and Wilmott (1973)take a match of progree view. Women now go to work .men now help with housework and childcare. Couples spend leisure time tgether
• Asymmetrical family. women are expected to do most domestic tasks while men continue to be breadwinners. Men may not want to take on more responsibilities due to traditional gender roles or lack of skills/confidence in doing so.
• Dual earner family. Both partners earn money from employment outside the home. This can lead to increased financial security and independence for both individuals.
• Fertility has declined significantly over the past century, from an average of five births per woman in the early 1900s to less than two today.
• Feminists reject the march of progress view . Argue that little has changed . Ann oakley (1974). Only 15% of husbands have a high level of participation in housework and only 25%in cchildcare
• The decline in fertility rates is attributed to various factors such as improved access to contraception, changing attitudes towards having children, and economic pressures.
• Divorce rates have risen steadily since the mid-twentieth century, reflecting changes in societal values around relationships and family structures.
• Divorce rates have risen steadily since the 1960s, reflecting changes in social norms around marriage and relationships.
• Changes in family structure have led to new forms of household composition, including single-parent families, same-sex couples, and blended families.
• Increased divorce rate - 38% of marriages end in divorce compared to 6% in 1960s
• Cohabitation - living together without being married. Increasingly common among younger couples who delay marriage until later in life.
• Evidence for March of progress view .
• Postmodernism - argues that traditional gender roles are outdated and no longer relevant in modern society.
• Feminist perspective - emphasizes the importance of women's experiences and perspectives in understanding family dynamics.
• Marxist perspective - focuses on economic factors such as class inequality and how they impact family structures.
• Functionalist perspective - views the family as an important institution that serves various functions within society.
• Marxist perspective suggests that the nuclear family serves the interests of capitalist societies by producing obedient workers and reinforcing class inequality.
• New Right perspective - advocates for traditional gender roles and values, arguing that these are necessary for social cohesion and stability.
• Conflict theory - highlights power struggles between different groups, including men and women, and their effects on family relationships.
• Social policies , bedroom tax , same sex marriage , free childcare for 2-4 year old
• What are Murdocks 4 functions (1949)

  Serial, reproductive, educational, economic
• What does s soap stand for

  Stabilisation of adult personalities
• Engles said the family has one key functions to rich family's pass on their money to rightful heir
• Zatetsky said family's pass on ideology and are consumers
• benson said Cohabiting couples 20% had seperated
• benson said Cohabiting couples 20% had seperated
• Rapport 20% of families inBritan consisted of married couples with children with a single male breadwinner