Bio 30 - Ch 13 The Endocrine System

• What are hormones?

  • protein messengers released into the blood by endocrine glands
• How do hormones activate the tissues?

  • they only activate the tissues with the appropriate receptors
• What is a target cell?

  • a given hormone that only affects certain type of cells
• What is the quick pathway?

  • nervous system
  • CNS
  • Target
• What is the delayed pathway?

  • hormone pathway
  • brain
  • heart
  • pulmonary circuit
  • heart
  • systemic circuit (will make a lap to heart if it went the wrong way)
• What hormone does the hypothalamus gland secrete?

  • hypothalamic (releasing + inhibiting hormone)
• What hormones does the anterior pituitary gland secrete?

  • human growth hormone
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • adrenocortiotropic hormone
  • follicle stimulating hormone
  • luteinizing hormone
  • prolactin
• What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

  • antidiuretic hormone
  • oxytocin
• What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

  • thyroxine
  • calcitonin
• What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?

  • parathyroid hormone
• What hormones does the adrenal cortex gland secrete?

  • glucocorticoids
  • mineralcorticoids
  • gonadocorticoids
• What hormone does the adrenal medulla gland secrete?

  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
• What hormones does the pancreas gland secrete?

  • insulin
  • glucagon
• What hormones does the ovaries secrete?

  • estrogen
  • progesterone
• What hormone does the testes secrete?

  • testosterone
• what does the hypothalamus make?

  • ADH
• Out of GOATFLAP, which are from the posterior pituitary?

  • oxytocin
  • antidiuretic
• What is the endocrine tissue used for?

  • where hormones are made and released in the same spot
• What does the posterior pituitary do?

  • only releases hormones from hypothalamus
• What does hGH do?

  • helps growth in skeleton + body
• What does oxytocin do?

  • cause contraction of smooth muscles in uterus (childbirth + menstration)
• What does ADH do?

  • increase in the reabsorption of water by kidney nephron
• What does TSH do?

  • stimulates thyroid to produce thyroxine
• What does FSH do?

  • development of sperm + egg
• What does LH do?

  • regulates ovulation and production of testosterone
• What does ACTH do?

  • stimulates cortex of adrenal gland to release hormones
• What does prolactin do?

  • stimulates milk production
• What are tropic hormones?

  • trigger the release of other hormones
• What happens with growth excess and deficiency?

  • excess: gigantism
  • deficiency: dwarfism (never hit - feedback)
• What happens with thyroid excess and deficiency?

  • excess: hyperhtyroidism (overactive thyroid)
  • deficiency: hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
• What does thyroxine production require?

  • adequate amounts of iodine
• What is calcitonin?

  • a hormone that tells if calcium is too high or low
  • antagonistic
• What is thyroxine responsible for?

  • metabolism
  • targeting everything
• What is homeostasis?

  • keeping your body running withing a specific range
• What is stress?

  • when the body is pushed putside this range (rest rate)
• What happens in short term stress response?

  • "fight or flight"
  • quick boost
• What happens in long term stress response?

  • prolonged adrenaline
  • cortisol (last ditch energy production)
  • triggered by time (only takes hours)
• What happens if cortisol production increases?

  • increased sugar release (protein)
• What happens if aldosterone production increases?

  • increased sodium absorption
• What are the 4 hormones directly tied to blood sugar levels?

  • epinephrine
  • cortisol
  • insulin
  • glucagon