Constitution

• The constitution is the supreme law of the land
• have voted, decreed, and sanctioned this Constitution.
• The Constitution of the United States was established to provide for the peace, order, and happiness of the people.
• Constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.
• Constitution means to be a part of a whole.
• The coming together of distinct entities into one group, with the same principles and ideals, is referred to as constitution.
• The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was a provisional Constitution during the Philippine Revolution, promulgated by the Philippine Revolutionary Government on 1 November 1897.
• The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was never fully implemented, since a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, was signed between the Spanish and the Philippine Revolutionary Army.
• The Malolos Constitution was a constitution drafted after the declaration of Philippine Independence, selected by the Malolos Congress on 17 September 1898, and promulgated by Aguinaldo on 21 January 1899.
• The Malolos Constitution was never enforced due to the ongoing war.
• The Philippines was effectively a territory of the US upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris between Spain and the US, transferring sovereignty of the Philippines on 10 December 1898.
• The first organic law for the Philippine Islands, the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, provided for the creation of a popularly elected Philippine Assembly.
• The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as the Jones Law, removed the Philippine Commission, replacing it with a Senate that served as the upper house.
• In 1932, with the efforts of the Filipino independence commission led by Sergio Osmena and Manuel Roxas, the US Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act with the promise of granting Filipinos’ independence.
• The Tydings-McDuffie Act, a.k.a the Philippine Independence Act, was passed by the US Congress in 1934, providing authority for the creation of a constitution.
• The members of the convention were elected and held their first meeting on 30 July 1934, with Claro M. Recto unanimously elected as president.
• The Filipino People, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody their ideals, conserve and develop the patrimony of the nation, promote the general welfare, and secure to themselves and their posterity the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned this Constitution.
• The preamble of the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution states, “The Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody their ideals, conserve and develop the patrimony of the nation, promote the general welfare, and secure to themselves and their posterity the blessings of independence under a regime of justice, liberty, and democracy, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.”
• There might be regions which are not yet ready to govern themselves or have lesser resources.
• In 1997, a group called PIRMA hoped to gather signatures from voters to change the constitution through PI.
• Each region in a federal system may custom fit solutions to problems brought about by their distinct geographic, cultural, social, and economic contexts.
• The preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states, “We, the sovereign Filipino people imploring the aid of almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspiration, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
• There could be issues regarding overlaps in jurisdiction in a federal system.
• Federalism can also promote specialization.
• During the time of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, then House Speaker Jose de Venecia endorsed constitutional change through a Constituent Assembly, which entails two-thirds vote of the House to propose amendments or revision to the Constitution.
• Federalism is a system where a central governing authority and constituent political units constitutionally share sovereignty.
• A challenge to achieving unity in the country is a potential issue in federalism.
• The term “preamble” is derived from the Latin word “preambulare” which means, “to walk before” and it is the prologue of the Constitution and it introduces the main subject.
• The preamble sets down origin and purposes, confers no right nor imposes any obligation, and cannot be invoked as a source of right.
• Three methods to change the Constitution: Constituent Assembly (Con-Ass), Constitutional Convention (Con-Con), and People’s Initiative (PI).
• In 1995, Secretary of National Security Council Jose Almonte drafted a constitution, but it was exposed to the media and it never prospered.
• peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
• Regions in a federal system have more power over their finances and can choose to directly fund their own development projects without asking for the national government’s go signal.
• The preamble of the 1899 Malolos Constitution states, “We, the Representatives of the Filipino People, lawfully convened, in order to establish justice, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare and insure the benefits of liberty, imploring the aid of the Sovereign Legislator of the Universe for the attainment of these ends, have voted, decreed, and sanctioned the following political constitution.”
• Commission on Audit (COA) examines all funds, transactions, and property accounts of the government and its agencies.
• Joseph Ejercito Estrada, formed a study commission to investigate the issues surrounding charter-change focusing on the economic and judiciary provisions of the Constitution.
• In 1967, the Philippine Congress passed a resolution calling for a constitutional convention to change the 1935 Constitution.
• The situation in the 1980s had been very turbulent in the Philippines.
• Under pressure from the US, who used to support Marcos and his Martial Law, the Marcos family fled into exile.
• His opponent in the snap election, Corazon Aquino, was installed as president of the Philippines on 25 February 1986.