Mass transport

• What are the major vessels associated with the heart that contain oxygenated blood?

  Vena cavae, pulmonary arteries, aorta
• What are the major vessels associated with the heart that contain deoxygenated blood?

  Pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
• What is the name of the chamber of the heart with the thickest muscle?

  Left ventricle
• What causes the atrioventricular valves to open?

  Higher pressure in the atria than ventricles
• What causes the atrioventricular valves to close?

  Higher pressure in the ventricles than atria
• What causes the semilunar valves to open?

  Higher pressure in the ventricles than arteries
• What causes the semilunar valves to close?

  Higher pressure in the arteries than ventricles
• What is the name of the structure that delays the wave of depolarization from reaching the ventricles?

  Atrioventricular node
• What is the name of the fibers that extend from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?

  Purkinje fibers
• What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

  Conduct electrical impulses to ventricles
• Where is the SAN located?

  Right atrium wall
• What is the role of the cardiac cycle in heart function?

  Regulates the sequence of heart contractions
• What are the major components of the heart's electrical conduction system?

  • Sinoatrial node (SAN)
  • Atrioventricular node (AVN)
  • Bundle of His
  • Purkinje fibers
• What are the differences between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood vessels associated with the heart?

  Oxygenated blood vessels:

  • Pulmonary veins
  • Aorta
  • Coronary arteries

  
  

  Deoxygenated blood vessels:

  • Vena cavae
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Coronary veins
• What are the functions of the heart valves?

  • Prevent backflow of blood
  • Ensure unidirectional blood flow
  • Open and close in response to pressure changes
• What factors influence the opening and closing of heart valves?

  • Pressure differences between chambers
  • Pressure differences between arteries and ventricles
• What is the significance of the SAN in heart function?

  • Acts as the primary pacemaker
  • Initiates electrical impulses for heartbeats
• What is the significance of the AVN in heart function?

  • Delays electrical impulses to allow atrial contraction
  • Coordinates timing of ventricular contraction
• What is the significance of the Purkinje fibers in heart function?

  • Conduct impulses rapidly to ventricles
  • Ensure synchronized contraction of ventricles
• What is the significance of the cardiac cycle?

  • Describes the sequence of heart contractions
  • Regulates blood flow through the heart