RLE 13

• The eyes are the sensory organ of vision and have many critical components, including the cranial nerves.
• During the assessment of the eyes, various signs and symptoms signal changes in the eye.
• The nurse’s role is to detect these changes and work with the health care team to prevent injury and or loss of vision.
• For the review of Anatomy and Physiology, please refer to pages 236 -242.
• The instructor responds to students' feedback during the next class meeting or as soon as possible.
• During the face to face interaction with students, the instructor will rationalize the answers and encourage students to ask questions and discuss among their classmates.
• The responses from students' feedback are collected as they leave the class.
• The work tracker will be part of the student activity sheet.
• The instructor will also track the students' progress by marking their place in the work tracker, which is a visual to help students track how much work they have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.
• Emotional support is a crucial aspect of nursing care.
• At the end of the class, students are asked to use index cards or half-sheets of paper to provide written feedback on the most useful or meaningful thing they have learned and any questions they have as the session ends.
• The health history of the eye includes questions about past history of eye problems, related to injury, congenital causes, or cosmetic reasons, eye infections, strabismus, amblyopia, and when the last eye examination was done.
• Family history, lifestyle habits, and medications/ drugs that dry out the eye are also part of the health history of the eye.
• Visual acuity tests are used to evaluate eyesight and the patient’s ability to see at a distance.
• The Snellen Chart is used for testing central vision and the patient’s ability to see at a distance.
• The Snell-Nelson Chart is used for testing children’s vision or people who are unable to read.
• The near test is used to test near vision with a special hand-held card held 14 inches away from the eyes.
• The near test identifies the need for reading glasses or bifocals.
• The near test card contains paragraphs and the print gradually gets smaller.
• The patient is asked to read the smallest paragraphs possible during the near test.
• When scoring the near test, the numerator is 14, as the card is held 14 inches away from the eyes.
• Testing for extraocular muscle dysfunction involves asking the patient to follow your finger or pencil as you sweep through the 6 cardinal directions of gaze.
• The nurse would examine the patient’s eyes without dilating the pupils, limiting the view to the posterior structures of the retina.
• Normal vision is defined as 14/14 peripheral visual fields by confrontation.
• The instructor will prepare 10-15 questions that can enhance critical thinking skills.
• Steps in testing for defects include testing one eye at a time, repeating several levels to define the border, and establishing the boundaries of the defect.
• Confrontation is a comparison between the patient and the nurse, provided by the nurse has intact peripheral vision, to determine the areas of deficit.
• The cover-uncover test may reveal a slight or latent muscle imbalance not otherwise seen.
• Visual fields are tested to assess peripheral vision.
• Inspection of the eye, eyebrow, lids, conjunctiva and sclera, cornea, lens and pupils is done to note their quantity and distribution, scaliness, palpebral fissures, edema of the eyelids, colour of the lids, lesions, condition and direction of the eyelashes, excessive tearing, dryness, or crusting.
• To see more peripheral structures, to evaluate the macula well, investigate unexplained visual loss, the ophthalmologist dilates the pupils with mydriatic drops unless this is contraindicated.
• The corneal light reflex is tested by standing 2 feet in front of the patient, shining a light into the patient’s eyes and asking the patient to look at it.
• Reduced near vision is when the denominator, or second number, is larger than 14.
• Changes in vision can be identified through the health history in relation to the eyes.
• Anterior bulging of the physiologic cup is a condition that can be noted during a funduscopic examination of the patient's eyes.
• Nursing education is a crucial aspect in maintaining vision and a healthy outlook for clients.
• Testing the acuity of central vision is not a purpose of the health history in relation to the eyes.
• Systemic diseases that may cause nodular episcleritis include systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, muscular dystrophy, and rheumatoid arthritis.
• The glands that are located on the tarsal plates and open on the lid margins are the Meibomian glands.
• The nurse is assessing visual fields on a patient newly admitted for eye surgery and the patient's left eye repeatedly does not see the fingers until they have crossed the line of gaze.