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Physical
Amount of Substance
Balancing Equations
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Joel
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Cards (22)
What does the law of conservation of mass state?
No
atoms
are lost or made in reactions
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Why do atoms join together in different ways during a chemical reaction?
To form
products
from
reactants
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What is the result of a balanced equation?
Equal number of
atoms
on both sides
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What is produced when sodium reacts with chlorine?
Sodium chloride
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What is produced when potassium reacts with fluorine?
Potassium fluoride
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If 4.6g of sodium reacts with chlorine, what is the mass of sodium chloride produced?
11.7g
of sodium chloride
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If 26.0g of potassium reacts with fluorine, what is the mass of potassium fluoride produced?
19.3g
of potassium fluoride
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What does it mean that the total mass of products equals the total mass of reactants?
No
atoms
are lost or made in reactions
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How can you add more atoms in a balanced equation?
By adding whole
compounds
in front
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What should you not do when balancing equations?
You cannot mess with the
chemical
formulas
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What is the balanced equation for sodium and fluorine reacting?
2Na + 1F₂ →
2NaF
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What is the balanced equation for magnesium and oxygen reacting?
2Mg +
O₂
→ 2MgO
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What is the balanced equation for ethane and oxygen reacting?
2C₂H₆ + 9O₂ →
6CO₂
+
6H₂O
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What is the balanced equation for octane and oxygen reacting?
2C₈H₁₈
+
15O₂
→
16CO₂
+
10H₂O
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What are state symbols and their purpose in chemical equations?
Indicate the state of
matter
Help predict observable reactions
Common symbols:
(s)
,
(l)
,
(g)
,
(aq)
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What is the general reaction for neutralization reactions?
Acid
+
base
→ salt + water
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What products are formed in a neutralization reaction involving a carbonate?
Salt, water, and
carbon dioxide
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What ions do acids dissociate to form in solution?
Hydrogen
ions and
anions
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What is the dissociation of hydrochloric acid in solution?
HCl
(aq) →
H⁺
(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
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What ions do alkalis dissociate to form in solution?
Hydroxide
ions and metal cations
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What are the common acids and their formulas?
Hydrochloric
acid:
HCl
Sulfuric acid:
H₂SO₄
Nitric acid:
HNO₃
Phosphoric acid:
H₃PO₄
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What are the common alkalis and their formulas?
Sodium hydroxide:
NaOH
Calcium hydroxide:
Ca(OH)₂
Potassium hydroxide:
KOH
Ammonium hydroxide:
NH₄OH
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