Concentrations and Volumes of solutions

• What is the unit used to measure concentration?

  mol/dm³
• How do you convert 200 cm³ into dm³?

  200 cm³ = 0.2 dm³
• What is a solute?

  A substance dissolved in a solution
• What is a solvent?

  A substance that dissolves a solute
• What is a solution?

  A homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent
• What type of reaction does the equation H₂SO₄ + 2KOH (aq) → K₂SO₄ (aq) + H₂O (l) represent?

  Neutralization reaction
• What is the molar ratio of sulfuric acid to potassium hydroxide in the equation?

  1:2
• In the neutralization reaction between HCl and NaOH, what are the products?

  NaCl and H₂O
• Write an ionic equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH?

  H⁺ + Cl⁻ + Na⁺ + OH⁻ → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ + H₂O
• What mass of H₂SO₄ is needed to produce 60.0 cm³ of 0.250 mol/dm³ solution?

  3.00 g
• Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm³, of 3.65 g of HCl dissolved in 100 cm³ of water.

  0.1 mol/dm³
• What is a standard solution?

  A solution with a known concentration
• How would Bob dilute his orange juice?

  Add water to the juice
• What are the steps to calculate concentrations using balanced equations?

  1. Write the balanced equation.
  2. Determine the molar ratio of acid to base.
  3. Calculate moles of known solution.
  4. Use molar ratio for unknown solution.
  5. Rearrange to find concentration.
• What types of titrations are predominantly studied in Year 12?

  • Acid-base titrations
  • Back titrations
• If 25 cm³ of sodium hydroxide is neutralised by 26 cm³ of 0.6 mol/dm³ hydrochloric acid, what is the concentration of the alkali?

  0.624 mol/dm³
• If 25 cm³ of 0.5 mol/dm³ HCl was used to neutralise 35 cm of NaOH solution, what is the concentration of the NaOH solution?

  0.3571 mol/dm³
• How do you calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid required to neutralise 20.4 cm³ of 0.5 mol/dm³ sodium hydroxide?

  Use molar ratios from the balanced equation
• What mass of NaOH was dissolved to make up the original 250 cm³ solution if 25.0 cm³ required 28.2 cm³ of 0.100 mol/dm³ HCl for neutralisation?

  1.13 g
• What is the limiting reagent in the reaction of 25.0 cm³ of 0.020 mol/dm³ sulphuric acid with barium hydroxide?

  Determine from stoichiometric calculations
• What is the maximum mass of BaSO₄ that can be formed from 25.0 cm³ of 0.020 mol/dm³ sulphuric acid and barium hydroxide?

  Calculate using stoichiometry
• What type of reaction occurs between sulphuric acid and barium hydroxide?

  Neutralization reaction
• What is the empirical formula of iron chloride formed from the reaction of iron with chlorine?

  FeCl₃
• What volume of 5.00 mol/dm³ HCl is required to neutralise 20.0 kg of CaCO₃?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios
• What mass of hydrogen is produced when 22.0 g of aluminium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid?

  Calculate using stoichiometry
• What is the concentration of the original nitric acid solution if 25 cm³ required 17.80 cm³ of 0.200 mol/dm³ sodium hydroxide for neutralisation?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios
• What is the value of n in the formula of ethenedioic acid if 1.575 g reacts with NaOH?

  Calculate using titration data
• What volume of carbon dioxide gas is formed when 1.5 kg of propane is burned?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios
• If 33 cm³ of sodium hydroxide is neutralised by 28 cm³ of 0.75 mol/dm³ sulfuric acid, what is the concentration of the alkali?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios
• What mass of hydrogen is produced when 22.0 g of aluminium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios
• What is the maximum mass of BaSO₄ formed from the reaction of sulphuric acid and barium hydroxide?

  Calculate using stoichiometric ratios