Yield and Atom economy

• What is produced during a chemical reaction involving magnesium oxide?

  Magnesium oxide (MgO)
• What does balancing a chemical equation ensure?

  It ensures the conservation of mass
• If 26g of C4H10 is burned, how do you find the mass of CO2 produced?

  Use stoichiometry to calculate
• What does the term yield refer to in chemistry?

  The amount of product produced
• How do you calculate the percentage score from a test score?

  Score / Total score x 100
• If a student scored 93% on a test, how do you find their score?

  Calculate 93% of the total score
• What is the empirical formula of a compound with 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen?

  Calculate using mass percentages
• What is the significance of percentage yield in chemical reactions?

  • Indicates efficiency of the reaction
  • Compares actual yield to theoretical yield
  • Helps identify potential losses in the process
• What is the definition of actual yield?

  The mass of product actually produced
• What is the definition of theoretical yield?

  The maximum possible product mass
• How do you calculate percentage yield?

  Actual yield / Theoretical yield x 100
• If 45g of MgO is produced and the theoretical yield is 50g, what is the % yield?

  90%
• If 22g of CuSO4 is produced with a theoretical yield of 28g, what is the % yield?

  78.67%
• If the theoretical yield of ammonia is 36g and the yield is 75%, what is the actual yield?

  27g
• If the yield of water is 60% and the theoretical yield is 50g, what is the actual yield?

  30g
• What are the steps to calculate % yield?

  1. Write a balanced equation
  2. Determine molar ratios
  3. Calculate moles of reactant
  4. Calculate theoretical moles of product
  5. Calculate theoretical mass of product
  6. Calculate % yield using actual yield
• What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

  The weighted average mass of an atom
• What is the formula of ammonia?

  NH₃
• How many atoms are in ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)?

  Two atoms
• How many elements are in ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)?

  Two elements
• How do you calculate the molar mass of ammonium chloride?

  Add atomic masses of its elements
• What is atom economy in chemical reactions?

  • Measure of reacting atoms in desired product
  • Indicates efficiency of the reaction
  • Important for green chemistry
• Why is poor atom economy a concern?

  It produces more waste materials
• What are the consequences of increased production costs due to poor atom economy?

  Higher costs for consumers
• How is atom economy calculated?

  Using molar mass of desired product
• What is the atom economy for sodium carbonate production?

  48.3%
• How do you calculate the atom economy for sodium production from sodium chloride?

  Use molar mass of sodium
• What is the atom economy for producing hydrogen from zinc and hydrochloric acid?

  Calculate using molar masses
• What is the atom economy for making iron from iron oxide?

  Calculate using molar masses
• How do you calculate the atom economy for calcium oxide from calcium carbonate?

  Use molar masses of products