ER

• What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Network of intracellular membranes attached to nucleus
• What structures does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) form?

  Hollow tubes, sheets, and chambers
• What is the singular form of cisternae?


  cisterna
• What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

  Smooth ER and Rough ER
• What characterizes smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

  It lacks ribosomes
• What is the structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

  Tubular cisternae
• What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

  • Synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
  • Synthesis of steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens)
  • Synthesis and storage of glycerides (triglycerides)
  • Synthesis and storage of glycogen
• What hormones are synthesized by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

  Androgens and estrogens
• Where are triglycerides synthesized and stored?

  In liver cells and fat cells
• Where is glycogen synthesized and stored?

  In skeletal muscle cells and liver cells
• What characterizes rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

  It has attached ribosomes
• What is the primary function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

  Modification of newly synthesized proteins
• What happens to polypeptides synthesized on attached ribosomes in RER?

  They enter the cisterna
• What structures do polypeptides assume in the RER?

  Secondary and tertiary structures
• What may completed proteins become in the RER?

  Enzymes or glycoproteins
• What happens to products not destined for the RER?

  They are packaged into transport vesicles
• Where do transport vesicles deliver their products?

  To the Golgi apparatus