AO1 - Coding

• What is long-term memory?

  Memory for things that happened in the past
• What is short-term memory?

  Memory for things in the present
• What does coding refer to in memory?

  How information is changed and stored in memory
• What does capacity refer to in memory?

  How much information can be held in memory
• What does duration refer to in memory?

  How long information can be held in memory
• What were the four groups of participants in Baddeley's (1966a, 1966b) study on coding?

  • Acoustically similar words
  • Acoustically dissimilar words
  • Semantically similar words
  • Semantically dissimilar words
• What type of words did participants recall worse immediately after learning?

  Acoustically similar words
• What type of words did participants recall worse after 30 minutes?

  Semantically similar words
• What is memory?

  Retention of information over time
• What does a memory refer to?

  Information retained over a period of time
• What is the second type of memory described?

  Process of retaining information over time
• What are the three stages of the memory process?

  Encoding, storage, and retrieval
• What does encoding refer to in memory?

  Transforming information to put it into memory
• What is memory storage?

  Maintaining information for later usage
• What does retrieval refer to in memory?

  Taking out information from memory storage
• What are the two ways to retrieve memory?

  Recall and recognition
• What is memory recall?

  Consciously re-accessing a whole memory
• What is memory recognition?

  Retrieving a memory when shown again
• How many memory stores do we have?

  Multiple memory stores
• What does capacity refer to in memory stores?

  Size of a storage space
• What does duration refer to in memory stores?

  How long a memory store can keep information
• What does coding refer to in memory stores?

  Format in which things are stored
• What is acoustic coding?

  Storing words as sounds
• What is visual coding?

  Remembering words by visualizing images
• What is sensory coding?

  Storing sensory information
• How many types of sensory codes are there?

  Five types of sensory codes
• What is semantic coding?

  Thinking about the meaning of a word
• What is a sensory register?

  Temporary memory store for sensory information
• What are the stages of the memory process?

  • Encoding: Transforming information into memory
  • Storage: Maintaining information for later use
  • Retrieval: Taking out information from memory
• What are the types of coding in memory?

  • Sensory Coding: Storing sensory information
  • Acoustic Code: Storing words as sounds
  • Visual Code: Remembering words as images
  • Semantic Coding: Thinking about the meaning of words