Exam questions

• Visual and verbal guidance are types of guidance that help the learning of motor skills. Using a practical example, for each describe to other types of guidance.

  Manual/physical guidance – a coach holes, the legs of a gymnast during a handstand to prevent overbalancing

  Mechanical guidance – a cyclist uses stabilisers on the bicycle to make it more stable
• How can feedback affect performance?

  Motivates, allows for reflection/change and reinforces learning
• Using practical examples, give one advantage and one disadvantage of using visual guidance in the learning of motor skills in sport

  Demonstrating a badminton shot, easy to remember and can be quick/effective, but demonstrations could be incorrect, hard to get a feel and cognitive overload
• What are the six types of feedback?

  knowledge of performance knowledge of results, extrinsic, intrinsic, positive, negative
• Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using verbal guidance in the learning of motor skills in sport

  Can be given quickly, needs to be clear, but might give incorrect information = confusion

  Can be given during performance to motivate, but the performer cannot form a mental picture
• Explain what is meant by intrinsic feedback?

  Intrinsic – feedback, the performer receives from within when executing a skill or performance. A swimmer diving off the blocks feels their legs are straight.
• Describe one different sport situations when positive feedback can improve performance

  A rugby coach gives a player, praise/encouragement leads to better tackling technique

  A netball coach tells the goal attack that they’re shooting is excellent, and this leads to more consistent shooting accuracy
• Why are mental preparation techniques used?

  It helps control emotions, anxiety, manage stress, and improve participation and performance
• Describe positive feedback when learning motor skills in sport

  Giving information that involves praise/reward
• What is anxiety?


  A feeling of worry or fear
• Using a practical example, from sport, describe knowledge of results

  Information about the end, product/outcome of a competition. Knows the final score of the game game. E.G, the coach tells a sprinter her time for completing the 100m race
• What are the four types of mental preparation?

  PIMS – positive thinking, imagery, mental rehearsal and selective attention
• Describe negative and extrinsic feedback and give a practical example for each

  Information about an unsuccessful outcome – criticism, your coach tells you off for losing the tennis match
• What is meant by selective attention when an athlete prepares for a competitive performance?

  Focusing on the important information and blocking out distractions or irrelevant information. This gets the athlete in the zone and filter the information.
• Using practical examples from sport, describe knowledge of performance as types of feedback

  Information on technique/how well the movement/skill has been executed. E.G the table tennis coach, telling her player that her forehand technique lacks adequate top spin.
• Why do athletes use mental preparation techniques?

  To focus on improving motivation, controlling anxiety, concentration, controls arousal and get you in the zone
• Explain what is meant by extrinsic feedback

  Extrinsic – feedback received from others through vision and hearing – often from a coach/teammate. Hockey player sees the ball go into the net.
• What is meant by positive thinking when an athlete prepares for a competitive performance?

  Thinking/being confident about doing well/winning

  Shutting out negative thoughts

  Remembering good preparation done
• Describe how imagery can help a sports performer, mentally prepare for an effective performance

  Improve of concentration by blocking out distractions

  Increase confidence by imagining success

  Help with relaxation/control stress