multi store model

• What are the three stores in the multi-store model?

  Sensory store, short-term store, long-term store
• What must happen for information to transfer from the sensory store to short-term memory?

  Attention must be paid
• What process is required for information to move into long-term memory?

  Elaborative rehearsal must occur
• What is the term for retrieving information from short-term memory?

  Information retrieval
• How does the sensory store encode information?

  Visually and auditorily
• What are the two types of encoding in the sensory store?

  Iconic and echoic
• What type of encoding does the short-term store prefer?

  Acoustic encoding
• What type of encoding is used in the long-term store?

  Semantic encoding
• What is the duration of the sensory store?

  Approximately 50 milliseconds to a few seconds
• What is the duration of short-term memory?

  15 to 30 seconds
• What is the potential duration of long-term memory?

  Potentially a lifetime
• What is the capacity of the sensory store?

  Holds all detectable information
• How many items can short-term memory hold?

  Seven plus or minus two items
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  Potentially limitless
• How does forgetting occur in the sensory store?

  Through decay
• What are the two ways forgetting occurs in short-term memory?

  Decay and displacement
• How does forgetting happen in long-term memory?

  Through retrieval failure and interference
• What are the key components of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Sensory store
  • Short-term store
  • Long-term store
  • Attention for transfer
  • Elaborative rehearsal for long-term memory
  • Information retrieval from short-term memory
• What are the differences in encoding and duration among the three memory stores?

  • Sensory store:
  • Encoding: Visual and auditory (iconic and echoic)
  • Duration: 50 milliseconds to a few seconds
  • Short-term store:
  • Encoding: Acoustic
  • Duration: 15 to 30 seconds
  • Long-term store:
  • Encoding: Semantic
  • Duration: Potentially a lifetime
• What are the mechanisms of forgetting in the three memory stores?

  • Sensory store: Decay
  • Short-term memory: Decay and displacement
  • Long-term memory: Retrieval failure and interference
• Evidence, strengths and weaknesses

  Strengths

  • Lots of lab research in case study supporting existent of separate memory stores

  Weakness

  • A lab experiments may like ecological validity and it's difficult to generalise from case studies of people with brain damage
• applications strengths, and weaknesses

  Strengths

  • The model is being used to help produce techniques to improve memory. This has applications in education, Suggest the use of my maps with semantic links would be useful for revision.
• strengths and shortcomings

  Strengths

  • Scientific this model is testable and allows predictions to be made

  Weaknesses

  • Reductionist too simplistic can't explain why some things are easier to remember than others
  • Flashback memories suggest that rehearsal was not necessary for all information to pass into long-term memory
• alternative theories

  Doubt exists to whether short-term memory is a unitary store with a severely limited capacity. Short-term memory may have a different subsystems working memory.