Exercise

• Why does your heart rate increase?

  • Muscles are contracting more so they need more blood
  • Contains more blood/oxygen/glucose
  • For more respiration
  • To release more energy
• Why does your breathing rate and volume increase?

  • Muscles are contracting more so they need more oxygen
  • For more respiration
  • To release more energy
  • More carbon dioxide is produced which needs excreting
• Where is Lactic acid transported in the body?

  To the liver ( via blood) where it can be converted back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all reactions in a cell or the body
• List some enzyme controlled processes used in metabolism(5)

  • Conversions of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
  • Formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids
  • Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
  • Respiration
  • Breakdown of excess proteins to form area for excretion
• What do metabolism use?

  Energy transferred by respiration for lots of enzyme controlled processes
• What are some different metabolic functions of the liver?(4)

  • detoxifying poisonous substances such as ethanol from alcoholic drinks
  • Passing breakdown products into the blood so they can excreted in the urine via the kidneys
  • Breaking down old worn out blood cells and storing iron until it is needed to synthesise more blood cells
  • Removing lactic acids
• What is oxygen debt?

  Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed to break down ( fully oxidise) the Latic acid that built up during vigorous exercise when the muscles respired anaerobically.